Table 2.

Summary of key themes, subthemes, and implications for intervention development.

Themes	Subthemes	Implications for intervention development
Perceived sources of anxiety	Past traumatic experiences Lack of trust in health-care services Not having sufficient support Pressures to produce a male offspring	Be receptive to perceived sources of anxiety; provide information and skills to negotiate health system; involve significant family member in care; gently challenge family attitudes toward male preference
Manifestations and impact of anxiety	Somatic symptoms Emotional symptoms Impact on personal well-being Impact on family	Introduce relaxation techniques such as breathing exercises and meditation;address personal well-being; educate family members about anxiety
Protective factors for anxiety	Adequate antenatal support from professionals Adequate family support Faith and acceptance	Liaison with antenatal services; positively reinforce family support; recognize and support alternate sources of coping such as faith
Desired features of a “talking therapy” for anxiety	Culturally acceptable content and format Appropriate delivery agent Appropriate and convenient venue Involvement of key family members	Use culturally relevant metaphors, idioms, and narratives; female delivery agents; flexible appointments and assistance with transport; engage family members
Potential barriers to intervention delivery	Stigma Lack of empowerment Domestic responsibilities and time constraints	Address stigma; educate and empower; flexible appointment schedule and assistance with transport; engage family members to collaborate in care