Figure 2.

Overview of intrinsic and bacterial metabolic resilience factors operating at the dynamic stability stage. Bacterial metabolic resilience comprises two categories: bi-directional pH metabolic regulation and autonomic metabolic repression. Resilience factor marked in red = acidification factor, which is more active under alkaline than under acidic conditions. Resilience factors marked in blue = acid-neutralization/alkalization factors, some of which are more active under acidic than under alkaline conditions or active at a wide range of pH. Some bacterial metabolites, such as NH₃ and sulfur compounds are inflammatory factors. For detailed description, see text