Table 2.
Differences between males and females on all mental health and social and emotional wellbeing variables (N = 1,839).
| Overall |
Females |
Males |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mental Health | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | t | Cohen’s d |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | 3.74 | 4.95 | 4.34 | 5.33 | 3.11 | 4.41 | −5.27*** | .25 |
| Complex PTSD | 8.36 | 8.92 | 9.54 | 9.53 | 7.10 | 8.05 | −5.73*** | .28 |
| Major depressive disorder | 4.08 | 5.40 | 4.86 | 5.72 | 3.25 | 4.91 | −6.37*** | .30 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 3.62 | 4.85 | 4.45 | 5.26 | 2.72 | 4.17 | −7.71*** | .36 |
| Social and Emotional Wellbeing | ||||||||
| Psychological well-being | 14.99 | 6.35 | 14.25 | 6.57 | 15.78 | 6.02 | 5.16*** | .24 |
| Loneliness |
1.76 |
1.77 |
1.87 |
1.81 |
1.64 |
1.72 |
−2.76** |
.13 |
| |
N |
% |
N |
% |
N |
% |
χ2 |
OR (95% CI) |
| Divorced, separated or never married | 630 | 34.3 | 318 | 33.3 | 312 | 35.3 | .87 | 0.91 (0.75–1.11) |
| Did not finish college | 1254 | 68.2 | 639 | 66.8 | 615 | 69.6 | 1.58 | 0.88 (0.72–1.07) |
| Income below the median | 777 | 42.3 | 425 | 44.5 | 352 | 39.9 | 4.05* | 1.21 (1.01–1.46) |
| Unemployed | 312 | 17.0 | 200 | 20.9 | 112 | 12.7 | 22.11*** | 1.82 (1.42–2.34) |
t = independent samples t-test; χ2 = chi-square test; OR (95% CI) = odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals Statistical significance: *p ≤ .05; **p ≤ .01; ***p ≤ .001.