Table 1.
Examples of studies on live fluorescence imaging of EVs.
| Tissue/Cells imaged | Fluorescent probe on EV | Imaging System | Purpose | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| F11 (nervous system) -derived EV on F11 cells | GFP | Confocal microscope | Delivery of neurogenic mRNA | Oh et al., 201792 |
| Breast cancer cell-derived EVs on HeLa cells | Gold-carbon quantum dots (GCDs) | TIRF-super resolution microscope | Effect of GCDs on cellular uptake of EVs | Jiang et al., 201893 |
| 293T (kidney) -derived EVs on Gli36 (glioma) cells and mouse tumours | PalmGFP/tdTomato | Confocal and multiphoton intravital microscope | EV tracking between cells in vitro and in tissue | Lai et al., 2015 |
| HEK293 (kidney) -derived EVs on HEK293 cells | GFP | Fluorescence microscope | Validation of exosomal surface display system | Stickney et al., 201694 |
| Mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs on renal cells and acute kidney injury mice | DiD and DiI | Small animal fluorescence imaging system | Study of distribution of EVs in kidney injury | Grange et al., 201495 |
| Glioblastoma-derived EVs on microglia and monocytes/macrophages in mice | Fluorescent proteins | Multiphoton intravital imaging | Release and uptake of EVs by glioma cells and RNA transfer | van der Vos et al., 201696 |
| Mouse lung cancer-derived EVs on lung tumour-bearing mice | DiIC18(5) | Animal fluorescence/bioluminescence imaging | EVs as delivery system for oncolytic virus | Garofalo et al., 201897 |
| Breast tumour-derived EV on breast tumour bearing mice | DsRed and GFP | Multiphoton intravital imaging | EV release and uptake in tumour | Zomer et al., 2015 98 |