Table 1.
The investigated materials and their composition.
| Material (shade) | Manufacturer | Matrix composition | Inorganic filler content |
|---|---|---|---|
| ACTIVA-Restorative (A2) | Pulpdent Corp, Watertown, USA | Blend of diurethane and other methacrylates with modified polyacrylic acid | 55.4 wt% Silica, bioactive glass and sodium fluoride fillers (Ø NR) |
| G-aenial Anterior (A3) | GC Corp, Tokyo, Japan | UDMA, dimethacrylate co-monomers | 76 wt% Pre-polymerized filler (Ø 16–17 µm), silica and strontium fluoride containing fillers (Ø > 100 nm) |
| everX Flow (Dentin shade) | GC Corp, Tokyo, Japan | Bis-EMA, TEGDMA, UDMA | 70 wt% Short glass fiber (Ø 6 µm & barium glass fillers Ø 700 nm) |
| Filtek Bulk Fill (A2) | 3M/ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA | AUDMA, UDMA, DDDMA | 76.5 wt% Zirconia/silica and ytterbium trifluoride fillers in nanometer scale (av. Ø 20 nm) |
| Alert (A3) | Jeneric/Pentron, Wallingford, CT, USA | Bis-GMA, UDMA, TEGDMA, THFMA | 84 wt% Silica (Ø 800 nm) and micrometer scale glass fiber (Ø 7 µm) |
| G-aenial Flo X (A3) | GC Corp, Tokyo, Japan | UDMA, dimethacrylate co-monomers | 69 wt% Barium glass fillers in nanometer scale (av. Ø 700 nm) |
| BEAUTIFIL-II (A3) | Shofu Inc., Kyoto, Japan | Bis-GMA, UDMA, Bis-MPEPP, TEGDMA. | 83.3 wt% Fluoro-silicate glass (av. Ø 800 nm) |
Bis-GMA: bisphenol-A-glycidyl dimethacrylate; TEGDMA: triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; UDMA: urethane dimethacrylate; AUDMA: aromatic urethane dimethacrylate; DDDMA: 12-dodecanediol dimethacrylate; Bis-EMA: ethoxylated bisphenol-A-dimethacrylate; Bis-MPEPP: bisphenol A polyethoxy methacrylate; THFMA: tetrahydrofurfuryl-2-methacrylate; wt%: weight percentage; NR: not reported.