Table 5.
Conditions associated with elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level
| Nonmalignant | Malignant |
|---|---|
| Smoking | Tumors associated with high CEA expression |
| Infections | Colorectala |
| Peptic ulcer disease | Ovariana |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | Cervicala |
| Pancreatitis | Lung |
| Hypothyroidism | Oesophageal |
| Liver cirrhosis, hepatitis | Gastric |
| Benign breast conditions | Small intestinal |
| Other benign tumors usually in organs where the cancers are associate with raised CEAd | Hepatobiliary |
| Pancreatic | |
| Breast | |
| Medullary | |
| Other CEA-expressing tumors | |
| Choriocarcinoma | |
| Osteosarcoma | |
| Retinoblastoma | |
| Hepatoma | |
| Melanoma | |
| Lymphoma | |
| Urinary bladder, prostate and renal cell carcinoma |
CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen.
a
CEA monitoring used clinically.