Table 4.

Changes in relative abundance of bacterial genera and SCFA based on DP in children with ASD.

	Above Median			Below Median
	Baseline	6-weeks p.-b.	6 months p.-b.	Baseline	6-weeks p.-b.	6 months p.-b.
(A) Dietary pattern 1
Bacterial richness/diversity
Shannon Index	5.3 (4.7–5.5)	5.2 (4.6–5.6)	5.1 (4.7–5.6)	5.7 (5.2–6.1)	5.3 (5.0–5.8)	4.8 (4.3–5.3)†
Bacterial taxa (% of sequences)
Erysipelotrichaceae	0.3 (0.12–0.98)	0.98 (0.22–1.23)	0.9 (0.33–1.44)†	0.51 (0.22–1.29)	0.59 (0.51–0.92)	0.25 (0.13–1.35)
Clostridium	0.33 (0.11–0.66)	0.11 (0.07–0.33)	0.09 (0.03–0.11)†	0.23 (0.05–0.49)	0.26 (0.09–0.50)	0.05 (0.03–0.11)†
Oscillospira	0.43 (0.25–0.52)	0.35 (0.23–0.44)	0.32 (0.27–0.65)	0.37 (0.29–0.56)	0.15 (0.11–0.37)	0.14 (0.07–0.25)*
SCFA
Acetate	155 (214–229)	·	98 (76–136)	173 (131–242)	·	126 (84–211)
Propionate	50 (39–77)	·	30 (23–41)	55 (51–90)	·	38 (39–59)†
Butyrate	49 (37–74)	·	29 (22–38)	65 (42–76)	·	29 (23–47)*
Valerate	6.8 (4.7–8.1)		4.9 (1.4–5.5)	6.8 (4.7–8.1)	·	3.9 (2.9–5.6)
Isobutyrate	6.2 (4.2–7.6)	·	5.5 (4.7–7.1)	7.8 (4.5–10)	·	3.9 (2.3–4.6)†
Isovalerate	8.5 (5.5–11)	·	7.6 (6.7–11)	11.7 (6.3–15)	·	4.8 (3.2–6.4)†
(B) Dietary pattern 2
Bacterial taxa (% of sequences)
Erysipelotrichaceae
Clostridium	0.23 (0.05–0.49)	0.28 (0.06–0.44)	0.05 (0.03–0.14)†	0.42 (0.17–0.66)	0.13 (0.08–0.39)	0.07 (0.02–0.16)†
Oscillospira	0.38 (0.37–0.52)	0.28 (0.13–0.40)	0.17 (0.13–0.29)†	0.43 (0.21–0.56)	0.34 0.17–0.40)	0.34 (0.26–0.67)
SCFA
Acetate	200 (131–255)	·	150 (78–211)	143 (110–246)	·	102 (74–127)*
Propionate	68 (51–90)	·	38 (28–59)†	50 (39–61)	·	29 (23–42)*
Butyrate	67 (41–76)	·	26 (23–43)*	49 (37–74)	·	29 (10–49)
Valerate	7.8 (6.5–10.8)		4.5 (2.9–5.6)*	4.1 (0.9–5.6)		4.1 (0.9–5.6)
Isobutyrate	9.4 (6.2–11.5)	·	4.6 (2.3–6.9)*	5.4 (3.7–7.2)	·	5.1 (3.8–6.9)
Isovalerate	13 (8–15.5)	·	6.4 (3.2–8.4)*	6.7 (5.5–10.6)	·	7.5 (4.7–10.4)

Data expressed as median (IQR); within same group and row, significant at FDR-corrected

^*p ≤ 0.05;

^†p ≤ 0.1; p.b., post-baseline.