Table 4. AKI characteristics—developed countries.
| Author | AKI Frequency (%) | AKI definition | Criteria used for AKI definition | Timeframe for AKI assessment | Oliguric patients (%) | Oliguria definition | Reference creatinine definition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abosaif et al, 2005 | . . . | RIFLE | Cr | . . . | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | Lower Cr on hospital admission |
| Bagshaw et al, 2005 | 4.2 | Cr rise/Oliguria | Cr/Diuresis | . . . | 77.0 | < 500 ml x 24 h | . . . |
| Chawla et al, 2005 | 18.0 | Cr rise/Oliguria | Cr/Diuresis | Since ICU discharge or death | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 48 h | . . . |
| Ostermann et al, 2005 | 17.9 | Cr rise/Oliguria | Cr/Diuresis | . . . | . . . | BUN > 8 mmol/l | Cr > 120 mmol/l |
| Ahlstrom et al, 2006 | 51.9 | RIFLE | Cr | Since ICU discharge or death | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | MDRD |
| Herrera-Gutiérrez et al, 2006 | 5.7 | Cr rise/Oliguria | Cr/Diuresis | . . . | . . . | < 400 ml x 24 h | . . . |
| Hoste et al, 2006 | 67.0 | RIFLE | Cr/Diuresis | . . . | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | Lower Cr on hospital admission, or MDRD |
| Bagshaw et al, 2007 | 5.2 | Cr rise/Oliguria | Cr/Diuresis | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| Cruz et al, 2007 | 10.8 | RIFLE | Cr/Diuresis | Since ICU discharge or death | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | MDRD |
| Eachempati et al, 2007 | 6.2 | Cr rise | Cr | . . . | . . . | Cr > 2.4 mg/dl | |
| Ostermann et al, 2007 | 35.8 | RIFLE | Cr | Since ICU discharge or death | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | . . . |
| Bagshaw et al, 2008 | 36.1 | RIFLE modified | Cr/Diuresis | Since ICU discharge or death, after 24 h from ICU admission | . . . | < 35 ml/kg/h | MDRD |
| Bagshaw et al, 2008 | 36.1/37.1 | RIFLE modified/AKIN modified | Cr/Diuresis | Since ICU discharge or death, after 24 h from ICU admission | . . . | < 35 ml/kg/h | MDRD |
| Barrantes et al, 2008 | 42.9 | AKIN | Cr/Diuresis | . . . | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | . . . |
| Lopes et al, 2008 | 43.8/50.4 | RIFLE modified/AKIN modified | Cr/Diuresis | Until 48 h | . . . | < 7.2 ml/kg X 24 h | MDRD |
| Ostermann et al, 2008 | 35.4 | Cr rise | Cr | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| Abelha et al, 2009 | 7.5 | AKIN | Cr/Diuresis | . . . | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | . . . |
| Andrikos et al, 2009 | 16.0 | RIFLE | Cr/Diuresis | . . . | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | . . . |
| Cartin-Ceba et al, 2009 | 50.0 | RIFLE | Cr/Diuresis | Since ICU discharge or death | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | Lower Cr 3 months before ICU admission |
| Costantini et al, 2009 | 29.8 | AKIN | Cr/Diuresis | Since ICU discharge or death after 48 h from admission | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | . . . |
| Joannidis et al, 2009 | 35.5/28.5 | RIFLE/AKIN | Cr/Diuresis | 7 days | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | MDRD |
| Thakar et al, 2009 | 60.8 | AKIN modified | Cr | Since ICU discharge or death | . . . | . . . | Lower Cr 24 h before hospital admission |
| Aldawood et al, 2010 | 24.4 | . . . | . . . | Since hospital discharge or death | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| Cruz et al, 2010 | 44.0 | Cr rise | Cr/Diuresis | . . . | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | Lower Cr 3 months before ICU admission or MDRD |
| Elseviers et al, 2010 | . . . | Cr rise | Cr | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| Park et al, 2010 | 41.3 | RIFLE | Cr/Diuresis | 7 days | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | Lower Cr 3 months before hospital admission, or MDRD |
| Clec’h et al, 2011 | 32.9 | RIFLE | Cr/Diuresis | Since ICU discharge or death | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | MDRD |
| Darmon et al, 2011 | 67.0 | AKIN | Cr/Diuresis | 12 hours | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | . . . |
| Garzotto et al, 2011 | 42.7 | RIFLE | Cr/Diuresis | . . . | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | Lower Cr 3 months before ICU admission |
| Macedo et al, 2011 | 60.0 | AKIN | Cr/Diuresis | Since ICU discharge or death | 55.0 | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | First Cr on ICU admission |
| Macedo et al, 2011 | 52.0 | AKIN | Cr/Diuresis | Since hospital discharge or death | 47.0 | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | First Cr on ICU admission |
| Mandelbaum et al, 2011 | 57.0 | AKIN | Cr/Diuresis | Since ICU discharge or death | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | . . . |
| Medve et al, 2011 | 24.4 | AKIN | Cr/Diuresis | Since ICU discharge or death | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | First Cr on ICU admission |
| Ostermann et al, 2011 | 35.4 | AKIN | Cr/Diuresis | Since ICU discharge or death | . . . | . . . | First Cr on ICU admission |
| Piccini et al, 2011 | 42.7 | RIFLE | Cr/Diuresis | Since ICU discharge or death | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | Lowest Cr 3 months before ICU admission |
| Prowle et al, 2011 | 9.6 | AKIN modified/ RIFLE modified | Cr/Diuresis | 4 weeks | 38.0 | < 0.5 ml/kg | Cr before disease or estimated using GRF 75 ml/min |
| Clark et al, 2012 | 7.8 | AKIN | Cr | . . . | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | Newest Cr 6 months before ICU admission, or MDRD |
| Han et al, 2012 | 57.0 | AKIN | Cr/Diuresis | 7 days | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | Lowest Cr 7 days before hospital admission |
| Medve et al, 2012 | 18.1 | AKIN | Cr/Diuresis | . . . | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | First Cr on ICU admission |
| Odutayo et al, 2012 | 26.7 | AKIN | Cr | 90 days | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | First Cr on ICU admission |
| Shashaty et al, 2012 | 36.8 | AKIN | Cr/Diuresis | 5 days | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | First Cr on ICU admission |
| Sigurdsson et al, 2012 | 21.7 | RIFLE | . . . | . . . | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | Cr 1 year before ICU admission or the lowest after hospital discharge or MDRD |
| Vaara et al, 2012 | 26.6 | RIFLE | Cr | Since ICU discharge or death | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | Lowest Cr during ICU stay |
| Wohlauer et al, 2012 | 2.1 | Cr rise | Cr | Since hospital discharge or death | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| Allegretti et al, 2013 | . . . | Cr rise | Cr | . . . | . . . | . . . | First Cr on ICU admission |
| Alsultan et al, 2013 | 65.0 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| Fuchs et al, 2013 | 54.3 | AKIN | Cr/Diuresis | . . . | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | Lowest Cr on hospital admission |
| Legrand et al, 2013 | 50.3 | AKIN | Cr/Diuresis | 5 days | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | Lowest Cr before ICU admission (time not informed), or MDRD |
| Nisula et al, 2013 | 40,5 | KDIGO | Cr/Diuresis | 5 days after 24 h from admission | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | Newest Cr from last year, excluding the last week before ICU admission, or MDRD |
| Poukkanen et al, 2013 | 36.2 | KDIGO | Cr/Diuresis | 5 days | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | Newest Cr from last year, excluding the week before ICU admission |
| Poukkanen et al, 2013 | 53.2 | KDIGO | Cr/Diuresis | 5 days | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | Lowest Cr 1 year before ICU admission |
| Doi et al, 2014 | 38.6 | RIFLE | Cr | . . . | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | Lowest Cr 3 months before ICU admission or MDRD |
| Han et al, 2014 | 78.7 | KDIGO | Cr/Diuresis | . . . | 31.8 | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | . . . |
| Linder et al, 2014 | 57.0 | KDIGO | Cr/Diuresis | Since ICU discharge or death | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | Lowest Cr 3 months before ICU admission |
| Shinjo et al, 2014 | 29.5/38.4 | AKIN/KDIGO | Cr/Diuresis | . . . | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | Lowest Cr 3 months before ICU admission |
| Udy et al, 2014 | 65.1 | Cr rise | Cr/Diuresis | Since ICU discharge or death, after 48 h from admission | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| Bouchard et al, 2015 | 19.1 | AKIN | Cr/Diuresis | 7 days | 31.5 | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | Cr from 3 to 12 months before ICU admission |
| Harris et al, 2015 | 47.0 | RIFLE | Cr | . . . | . . . | < 0.5 ml/kg/h x 6 h | Lowest Cr 1 year before ICU admission or MDRD |
| Rimes-Stigiare et al, 2015 | 5.4 | Cr/Oliguria | Cr/Diuresis | . . . | . . . | < 400 ml x 24 h | . . . |
| Vanmassenhove et al, 2015 | 63.0 | Cr rise | Cr | . . . | . . . | . . . | MDRD |
* Cr = serum creatinine