Table 7. Characteristics of patients with AKI—developing countries.
| Author | Median age | Male gender (%) | AKI etiology | Comorbidities | Patient location before ICU | Severity scores |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mataloun et al, 2006 | 55 | 46 | . . . | CVD 35.7%, DM 14% | Surgery room 44.3%; ward 27.6%; emergency 28.1% | APACHE II 15.2 |
| Silva Junior et al, 2006 | 50 | 62 | Sepsis 40.6%, shock 48.4%, drugs 21.9% | CVD 25.8%, COPD 28.9% | . . . | . . . |
| Chow et al, 2007 | 58 | Sepsis 41%, shock 43.6% | . . . | Surgery room 30.8%, ward 69.2%; obstetrics1% | . . . | |
| Daher et al, 2008 | 45 | 77 | Sepsis 41.5%, shock 40.2%, drugs 10.2% | CVD 13%, COPD 19% | Clinical ward 100% | APACHE II 28 |
| Lima et al, 2008 | 45 | 77 | Infection 100% | CVD 14.2%, HD 40.1% | . . . | APACHE II 27 |
| Fernandes et al, 2009 | 56 | 62 | Sepsis 63% | CVD 63%, HD 22% | Surgery room 44%, ward 51.5%, emergency 45% | APACHE II 25.5 |
| Friedericksen et al, 2009 | 44 | 61 | Sepsis 50%, multiple organ failure 78% | CVD 21.7%, DM 19% | . . . | APACHE II 23.4 |
| Chang et al, 2010 | 62 | 70 | Sepsis 55% | DM 27.5%, HD 42% | . . . | APACHE II 22.8/ SOFA 9.19 |
| Maccariello et al, 2010 | 70 | Sepsis 74%, shock 75%, contrast 33% | CVD 68%, DM 28% | Surgery room 19%, ward 13%; emergency 68% | SOFA 8.3/ SAPS III 70 | |
| Balushi et al, 2011 | 61 | 60 | Shock 53.6%, drugs 46.4% | CVD 53.7%, DM 59.9% | . . . | . . . |
| Ponce et al, 2011 | 57 | 56 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| Fonseca Ruiz et al, 2011 | 53 | 53 | Sepsis 19.6% | CVD 44,6%, DM 18,2% | Surgery room 38.2%, ward 57.6%, emergency 4.2% | APACHE II 13/SOFA 4/ SAPS II 27 |
| Samimagham et al, 2011 | 40 | 71 | . . . | . . . | Surgery room 52.3%, ward 11.1% | APACHE II 23.9 |
| Alves et al, 2012 | 50 | 45 | Sepsis 65% | . . . | Surgery room 27.9%, ward 67.4% Obstetrics 4.7% |
SOFA 9.8 |
| Chen et al, 2012 | 69 | 75 | . . . | CVD 73%, DM 61% | Ward 100% | APACHE II 14 |
| Daher et al, 2012 | 55 | Sepsis 40%, drugs 14%, leptospirosis 12% | CVD 24,7%; DM 14,8% | Ward 100% | . . . | |
| Lai et al, 2012 | 64 | 66 | . . . | CVD 58.4%, DM 28.7% | Surgery room 70.7%, emergency 29.3% | . . . |
| Wahrhaftig et al, 2012 | 66 | 47 | Sepsis 74.2%, shock 17% | CVD and DM 99% | Surgery room 13.8%, ward 29.7%, emergency 17.3%, others 35.6% | APACHEII 13 /SOFA 3 |
| Zhou et al, 2012 | 59 | 69 | Sepsis 30.6%, respiratory failure 79.9% | CVD 36%, DM 12.8% | Surgery room 3.7%, ward 79.1%, emergency 7.6%, other 9.6% | APACHE III 45.4 / SOFA 5.1 |
| Dalboni et al, 2013 | 67 | 66 | . . . | CVD 39%, DM 18% | . . . | APACHE II 20 |
| Levi et al, 2013 | 64 | 45 | Sepsis 46.8%, CVD 42% | CVD 46.8%, DM 32.2% | Surgery room 30.5%, ward 30.5%, emergency 22.6% | APACHE II 15 |
| Silva et al, 2013 | 57 | 60 | . . . | COPD 77,3%, HD 49,2% | . . . | SAPS III 69.7 |
| Singh et al, 2013 | 51 | 0 | Sepsis 35.2%, shock 14.2%, drugs 23.5% | CVD 13,7%, COPD 23,5% | . . . | . . . |
| Daher et al, 2014 | 46 | 72 | . . . | HIV/AIDS 30%, Tuberculosis 12% | Ward 100% | APACHE II 50 |
| Luo et al, 2014 | 61 | 65 | Sepsis 32.2 | CVD 5.9%, COPD 6.1%, CKD* 6.1%, DM 18.9%, | Surgery room 57%, | SOFA 6 |
| Morales-Buenrostro et al, 2014 | 52 | 54 | . . . | CVD 16.2%, DM 24.3% | Surgery room 21.6%, ward 64,9%, others 10.8% | . . . |
| Peng et al, 2014 | 52 | 68 | Sepsis 100% | . . . | . . . | APACHE II 20.8 |
| Wijewickrama et al, 2014 | 48 | 62 | Sepsis 28.7%, shock 12.1% | CVD 28%, DM 27% | . . . | SOFA 9 |
| Bentata et al, 2015 | 28 | Obstetrics 100% |
CVD 19.5%, | Emergency 22% | . . . | |
| Bouchard et al, 2015 | 59 | 63 | . . . | . . . | . . . | . . . |
| Heegard et al, 2015 | 26 | 98 | Trauma 100% | . . . | Emergency 100% | . . . |
| Ralib et al, 2015 | 50 | 64 | . . . | CVD 36.4%, DM 28.7% | Surgery room 25.2%, ward 74.8% | APACHE II 19.4/ SOFA 8.7 |
| Santos et al, 2015 | 43 | 66 | Sepsis 2.9%, CVD 3.2%, emergency 48.4% | DM 12.9% | Emergency 48.8% | APACHE II 10 |
Comorbidities: CVD = cardiovascular disease; DM = diabetes mellitus; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HD = hepatic disease; CKD = chronic kidney disease