Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and univariable analysis of correlation with magnesium
| Overall N = 931 | Univariable Pearson correlation coefficient | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, years | 65.1 ± 10.1 | −0.092 | 0.005 |
| Diabetes duration, years | 6.5 [3.0–10.1] | −0.207 | <0.001 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 508 (54.7) | 0.045 | 0.169 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 154 (16.4) | 0.035 | 0.289 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.3 [26.8–33.0] | −0.140 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 135.6 [125.0–144.0] | −0.064 | 0.054 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 80.0 [71.0–83.0] | 0.009 | 0.777 |
| Complications | |||
| Microvascular complications, n (%) | |||
| Retinopathy, n (%) | 38 (4.1) | −0.008 | 0.801 |
| Neuropathy, n (%) | 171 (18.4) | −0.028 | 0.401 |
| Microalbuminuria, n (%) | 116 (12.5) | −0.049 | 0.133 |
| Macroalbuminuria, n (%) | 11 (1.2) | −0.012 | 0.712 |
| Macrovascular events, n (%) | |||
| Angina pectoris, n (%) | 71 (7.8) | −0.036 | 0.272 |
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 79 (8.5) | −0.043 | 0.190 |
| PTCA, n (%) | 25 (2.7) | −0.021 | 0.525 |
| CABG, n (%) | 45 (4.8) | −0.033 | 0.315 |
| TIA, n (%) | 31 (3.3) | −0.016 | 0.621 |
| CVA, n (%) | 55 (5.9) | 0.002 | 0.941 |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 24 (2.6) | −0.023 | 0.485 |
| Laboratory measures | |||
| HbA1c, mmol/mol (%) | 6.7 ± 0.7 (50 ± 9) | −0.181 | <0.001 |
| eGFR (MDRD), mL/min/1.73 m2 | 73.0 [61.0–86.0] | −0.055 | 0.094 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.4 [3.7–5.0] | 0.142 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.3 [1.0–1.5] | −0.003 | 0.923 |
| Total cholesterol:HDL ratio | 3.4 [2.8–4.2] | 0.114 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.3 [1.8–2.8] | 0.166 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.5 [1.1–2.1] | 0.002 | 0.941 |
| Creatinine, µmol/L | 78.0 [67.5–90.0] | 0.104 | 0.002 |
| Urine albumine:creatinine ratio, mg/mmol | 0.8 [0.4–1.5] | −0.076 | 0.027 |
| Treatment | |||
| Dietary measures only, n (%) | 181 (19.5) | 0.132 | <0.001 |
| Oral blood glucose lowering drugs, n (%) | 725 (78.0) | ||
| Metformin, n (%) | 691 (74.4) | −0.110 | 0.001 |
| Sulfonylurea derivatives, n (%) | 260 (28.0) | −0.132 | <0.001 |
| Thiazolinediones, n (%) | 10 (1.1) | 0.021 | 0.515 |
| DPP4 inhibitors, n (%) | 35 (3.8) | −0.069 | 0.035 |
| Insulin, n (%) | 120 (12.9) | −0.100 | 0.002 |
| Antihypertensive drugs, n (%) | 784 (84.4) | ||
| Diuretics, n (%) | 348 (37.5) | −0.029 | 0.389 |
| Beta-blockers, n (%) | 350 (37.5) | −0.041 | 0.226 |
| Calcium antagonists, n (%) | 169 (18.2) | −0.014 | 0.676 |
| RAAS blockers, n (%) | 507 (54.6) | −0.091 | 0.007 |
| Cholesterol lowering drugs, n (%) | 738 (79.4) | ||
| Statins, n (%) | 679 (73.1) | −0.061 | 0.076 |
| Fibrates, n (%) | 6 (0.6) | 0.043 | 0.213 |
| Thrombocyte aggregation inhibitors, n (%) | 166 (17.9) | −0.064 | 0.052 |
Data are presented as number (%), mean (SD) or median [IQR]. Variables with a non-parametric distribution were log10 transformed before calculation of the Pearson correlation coefficient. Significant (p < 0.05) values are highlighted in bold. HbA1c is expressed in both IFCC derived mmol/mol as DCCT derived %
BMI body mass index, MI myocardial infarction, PTCA percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, CABG coronary artery bypass grafting, TIA transient ischaemic attack, CVA cerebral vascular event, HbA1c glycated haemoglobin, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL high-density lipoprotein, DDP4 dipeptidyl peptidase 4, RAAS renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system