Skin cancer, including melanoma and keratinocyte carcinomas (basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma), has one of the highest global incidences of any form of cancer. Incidence rates of these types of skin cancer are increasing.

Primary care clinicians have a vital role to play in detecting and managing patients with skin lesions suspected to be cancer; timely diagnosis and treatment can improve patient outcomes, particularly for melanoma. However, detecting skin cancers can be challenging.

80% of skin cancers are considered preventable, primarily through reduction in exposure to the main risk factor, UV radiation. Primary care clinicians can play an important role in skin cancer prevention through tailored advice about the risks of UV exposure.

This article focusses on the most common types of skin cancer: melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. We describe the main risk factors and prevention advice. We summarise key guidance on the symptoms and signs of skin cancers and their management, including their initial assessment and referral.

In addition, we review emerging technologies and diagnostic aids, which at present require more evidence for their safety and efficacy, but may become available for use in primary care in the near future, to aid the triage of suspicious skin lesions.