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. 2020 Jan 17;10:548. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-57280-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Projected changes in sea surface temperatures and the associated vulnerabilities of marine mammals. Projected changes in the sea surface temperature between the baseline period (1971–2000) and the end of the century (2070–2099) following the RCP2.6 (a) and RCP8.5 (b) scenarios as simulated by 11 different CMIP5 Earth system models (MRI-CGCM3, IPSL-CM5A-LR, GFDL-ESM2G, GFDL-ESM2M, IPSL-CM5A-MR, MIROC-ESM, MPI-ESM-LR, GFDL-CM3, CSIRO, CanESM2). Local assemblage-level vulnerability of marine mammals to climate change for the period (2070–2099) based on (c) the RCP26 scenario and (d) the RCP8.5 scenario. To evaluate the vulnerability of marine mammals to climate change at the assemblage level, we averaged the vulnerability of each species in each grid cell (1° × 1° grid ells, ∼10,000 km²). Maps were created using R 3.6.0 software (https://www.r-project.org/).