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. 2020 Jan 17;10:561. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56003-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Association between PIQ and Spatial Network Connectivity. Displays the association between residualized spatial ability (Performance IQ) and left PCC - right RA connectivity (controlling for age, sex, mean motion, and group status). Typically developing (TD) children and children with reading disorder (RD) are shown as purple squares, and children with nonverbal learning disorder (NVLD) are shown as red triangles. The group by connectivity interaction predicted PIQ (b = 41.13, t(68) = 2.43, p = 0.02). Specifically, PIQ increased as connectivity increased in children with NVLD (b = 23.59, t(19) = 2.36, p = 0.03), whereas PIQ decreased as connectivity increased in TD children and children with RD (b = −12.13, t(46) = −1.37, p = 0.18). PCC = posterior cingulate cortex; PIQ = Performance IQ; RA = retrolimbic area.