Fig. 3.

Longitudinal Changes in Hippocampal Activation. Predicted hippocampal activation from the longitudinal model using PDS as an indicator of puberty showing A.) main effect of region: there was lower activation in the tail subregion relative to head subregion. Points represent average predicted activation and horizontal lines represent 95% confidence intervals B.) quadratic effect of time: activation initially decreased followed by an upward trajectory over time C.) initial age X change in PDS interaction: for initially older children, activation increased as PDS increased over time, while for initially younger children, activation decreased as PDS increased over time. D.) Predicted hippocampal activation from the longitudinal model using testosterone as an indicator of puberty showing the initial age X sex X change in testosterone interaction: for initially older females, activation increased as testosterone increased over time, while for initially younger females, activation decreased as testosterone increased over time. For males, the relation between activation and testosterone over time did not depend on initial age. Initial age lines represent median centered scores of -1.5 (8.7 years), 0 (10.2 years), and 1.5 (11.7 years). Bands represent 95% confidence intervals.