Fig. 2.

Representative photomicrographs of pMAPK immunoreactivity following conditioned fear expression in Experiment 1.

pMAPK-labelled cells in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of infant rats in the Paired condition 1 h after fear expression in A-C: Experiment 1a and D-E: Experiment 1b. A: mPFC of an untreated maternally-separated (MS) infant, showing the prelimbic (PL) and infralimbic (IL) regions as defined for neuronal counting. B-D: PL of B,D: MS infants, C: a standard-reared (SR) infant, and E: a probiotic-exposed maternally-separated (MS-Pro) infant. Photomicrographs were selected from animals with the median level of staining in each group.