Table 2.

Descriptive data of adverse caregiving behaviors (abuse and rejection rates/hour), infant emotional reactivity (screams rates/hour) and hair cortisol concentrations (pg/mg) during the first 3–6 postnatal months. As expected based on previous publications with this model of infant maltreatment (Howell et al., 2017; Drury et al., 2017), Control mothers never exhibit abuse towards offspring and extremely low rejection rates, in contrast to Maltreating females. Data represented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). *, **, *** represent significant p values from the Mann–Whitney test.

	Abuse	Rejection	Screams	Hair Cortisol(Birth)	Hair Cortisol(6 months)
Control	0.00 ± 0.00	0.13 ± 0.09	0.67 ± 0.18	515.19 ± 24.93	134.45 ± 9.95
Maltreated	0.98 ± 0.25***	2.14 ± 0.43****	2.85 ± 0.96*	582.24 ± 37.27	154.41 ± 20.71

^*<0.05;**<0.01;***<0.001.