Table 2.
Univariate analysis of factors influencing the acquisition of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae
| Variables | CPE (%) | Controls (%) | ORa | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ward of hospital stay | Medicine | 7 (6.5%) | 100 (93.5%) | Ref.b | |
| High-risk | 37 (77.1%) | 11 (22.9%) | 48.0 (17.3–133.2) | < 0.001 | |
| Surgery | 14 (17.5%) | 66 (82.5%) | 15.8 (6.5–38.4) | < 0.05 | |
| LOSc | < 20 days | 31 (16.9%) | 152 (83.1%) | Ref.b | |
| ≥ 20 days | 27 (51.9%) | 25 (48.1%) | 5.3 (2.7–10.3) | < 0.001 | |
| Admission origin | Home | 36 (18.8%) | 155 (81.2%) | Ref.b | |
| Non-Austrian hospital | 12 (85.7%) | 2 (14.3%) | 25.8 (5.5–120.5) | < 0.001 | |
| Austrian hospital | 10 (33.3%) | 20 (66.7%) | 12 (2.2–64.3) | ns | |
| Hospital admission in the previous yeard | none | 18 (10.8%) | 148 (89.2%) | Ref.b | |
| yes | 40 (58.0%) | 29 (42.0%) | 11.4 (5.7–22.4) | < 0.001 | |
| Surgical interventions | none | 49 (22.5%) | 169 (77.5%) | Ref.b | ns |
| yes | 9 (52.9%) | 8 (47.1%) | 3.9 (1.4–10.6) | < 0.001 | |
| Mechanical ventilation (MV) | none | 33 (17.6%) | 154 (82.4%) | Ref.b | |
| yes | 25 (52.1%) | 23 (47.9%) | 5.1 (2.6–10.0) | < 0.001 | |
| Central vascular catheter (CVC) | none | 19 (12.7%) | 131 (87.3%) | ||
| yes | 39 (45.9%) | 46 (54.1%) | 5.8 (3.1–11.1) | < 0.001 | |
| Presence of co-morbidity (CCIe) | < 4 | 43 (22.5%) | 148 (77.5%) | ||
| ≥4 | 15 (34.1%) | 29 (65.9%) | 1.8 (0.8–3.6) | ns | |
| Carbapenem exposuref | none | 46 (79.3%) | 174 (98.3%) | Ref. b | |
| yes | 12 (20.7%) | 3 (1.7%) | 15.1 (4.1–55.9) | < 0.001 | |
| Antimicrobial therapy > 10 daysf | none | 27 (46.6%) | 144 (29.3%) | Ref. b | |
| > 10 days | 14 (24.1%) | 4 (2.3%) | 18.6 (5.7–61.0) | < 0.001 | |
| < 10 days | 17 (29.3%) | 29 (16.4%) | 5.9 (1.7–21.1) | ns | |
| Contact with healthcare system of high-risk countryf,g | none | 39 (19.0%) | 166 (81.0%) | Ref. b | |
| yes | 19 (63.3%) | 11 (36.7%) | 6.8 (2.9–15-5) | < 0.001 | |
aOR: Odds ratio, bRef.: Reference category, cLOS: Length of stay, d in any hospital, eCCI: Charlson comorbidity index, f 90 days before VGH admission, g Healthcare system of countries of high or unknown carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae prevalence.