Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of 232 Patients who Experienced Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection (Cases) and Patients who Did Not Experience Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection (Controls)
| All Patients (n = 232) | Patients With Community-Acquired or Community-Onset C. difficile Infection (n = 131) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls (n = 146) | Cases (n = 86) | P Value | Controls (n = 88) | Cases (n = 43) | P Value | |
| Sex, No. (%) | ||||||
| Female | 93 (63.7) | 47 (54.7) | 0.174 | 63 (71.6) | 26 (67.9) | 0.200 |
| Male | 53 (36.6) | 39 (45.4) | 25 (28.4) | 17 (39.5) | ||
| Mean (SD) age, y | 56.1 (16.1) | 57.8 (16.8) | 0.463 | 53.7 (16.8) | 58.2 (17.6) | 0.164 |
| Race, No. (%) | ||||||
| White | 107 (75.4) | 67 (77.9) | 0.832 | 66 (77.7) | 32 (74.4) | 0.196 |
| Black | 30 (21.1) | 17 (19.8) | 16 (18.8) | 9 (20.9) | ||
| Asian | 5 (3.6) | 2 (2.3) | 3 (3.5) | 2 (4.7) | ||
| Ethnicity, No. (%) | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic | 138 (97.2) | 82 (95.4) | 0.466 | 82 (96.5) | 41 (95.4) | 0.757 |
| Hispanic | 4 (2.8) | 4 (3.5) | 3 (3.5) | 2 (4.7) | ||
| Median (IQR) length of stay among inpatients, d | 9 (3–20) | 8 (4–18) | 0.943 | 3 (1–5) | 4 (3–7) | 0.198 |
| Mean (SD) Charlson comorbidity index score | 4.12 (2.71) | 4.41 (2.74) | 0.414 | 3.3 (2.6) | 4.3 (3.0) | 0.040 |
| Experienced prior episodes of CDI within previous 5 y, No. (%) | 9 (6.2) | 15 (17.4) | 0.003 | 7 (8.0) | 7 (16.3) | 0.148 |
| Inflammatory bowel disease, No. (%) | 22 (15.2) | 15 (17.4) | 0.649 | 20 (22.7) | 11 (25.6) | 0.718 |
| Received antibiotics before CDI diagnosis, No. (%) | 110 (78.0) | 71 (82.6) | 0.409 | 66 (76.7) | 35 (81.4) | 0.546 |
| Gastric acid suppression, No. (%) | 83 (57.2) | 42 (48.8) | 0.215 | 44 (50.0) | 18 (41.9) | 0.381 |
| Immunosuppression, No. (%) | 54 (37.2) | 31 (36.1) | 0.856 | 16 (29.1) | 11 (28.2) | 0.925 |
| Additional hospitalization before index diagnosis/hospitalization, No. (%) | 34 (23.5) | 34 (39.5) | 0.010 | 16 (18.2) | 11 (25.6) | 0.326 |
| Additional hospitalization after index diagnosis/hospitalization, No. (%) | 24 (17.0) | 33 (38.4) | 0.001 | 14 (15.9) | 9 (20.9) | 0.478 |
| Pet ownership, No. (%) | 73 (50.4) | 39 (45.4) | 0.4363 | 51 (58.0) | 18 (41.9) | 0.083 |
Abbreviations: CDI, Clostridioides difficile infection; IQR, interquartile range.