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. 2019 Dec 30;117(2):1119–1128. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1904022116

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

Intratumoral unadjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccine administration reduces tumor growth, augments checkpoint blockade immunotherapy, and protects against active influenza virus lung infection. (A) Experimental design. Unadjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccine (FluVx): FluVx1. n = 9 mice/group. Data are representative of at least 2 independent experiments with similar results. (B) Tumor growth curves from experiment described in A. (C) Experimental design. FluVx: FluVx1. (D) Bar graphs showing count threshold (Ct) of active influenza virus (FLU) or GAPDH control qRT-PCR transcripts from experiment described in C. (E) Experimental design. FluVx: FluVx1. n = 4 to 5 mice/group. Data are representative of at least 2 independent experiments with similar results. (F) Tumor growth curves from experiment described in E. (G) Schematic describing development of the AIR-PDX model in which NSG mice receive adoptive transfer of fresh patient-derived human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs; 500,000 cells) and surgically implanted tumor sections (∼5 mm × 5 mm × 3 mm) from the same (i.e., autologous) patient. FluVx: FluVx1. n = 2 to 5 mice/group. (H) Bar graphs showing change in area of a primary lung tumor (day 13 area/day 0 area) from experiment described in G. Dotted line corresponds to day 0 (first treatment day). (I) Bar graphs showing change in area of a melanoma lymph node metastasis (day 16 area/day 0 area) from experiment described in G. Dotted line corresponds to day 0 (first treatment day). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 [2-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction (B) or Tukey correction (F), 2-tailed Student t test (H and I)]. Error bars: mean ± SEM. i.d., intradermal; i.t., intratumoral; i.p., intraperitoneal; i.n., intranasal. IgG, control isotype antibody; αPD-L1, PD-L1 blocking antibody.