(A) Cell cytotoxicity of eupatilin on ASMCs. ASMCs were incubated with series concentrations of eupatilin (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 μM) for 48 h. MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell viability. (B) ASMCs were stimulated with different concentrations of TGF-β1 ranging from 0 to 40 ng/ml for 48 h, and cell proliferation was measured using CCK-8 assay. (C) ASMCs were pretreated with eupatilin (10, 20, or 40 μM) for 1 h, and then incubated with TGF-β1 (20 ng/ml) for 48 h. CCK-8 assay was performed to assess cell proliferation. (D) Cell migration of ASMCs. Transwell assay was conducted to evaluate cell migration. n=5. *P<0.05 vs. control cells; #P<0.05 vs. TGF-β1-induced ASMCs.