Table 1. Study participants’ sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory variables.
| Characteristics | School age (baseline), n=1,282 | Adolescence (follow-up), n=494 |
|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic variables | ||
| Age in years, mean (IQR)¥ | 8.4 (0.6) | 16.6 (3.0) |
| Sex, n (%)‡ | ||
| Female (girls) | 627 (48.9) | 254 (51.4) |
| Male (boys) | 655 (51.1) | 240 (48.5) |
| Socioeconomic level, n (%)† | ||
| Low | 678 (52.9) | 296 (59.9) |
| Middle | 587 (45.8) | 193 (39.1) |
| High | 16 (1.2) | 5 (1.0) |
| Antecedents, n (%) | ||
| Duration of maternal breastfeeding (months)¥ | 12.0 (18.0) | 12 (18.0) |
| Having smoked at least once in lifetime‡ | 20 (1.6) | 188 (38.1) |
| Having consumed alcohol at least once in lifetime‡ | 633 (49.4) | 355 (71.9) |
| Screen time (hours/day)‡ | ||
| Less than 8 hours | 1,239 (96.7) | 289 (58.5) |
| 8 hours or more | 42 (3.3) | 205 (41.5) |
| Blood pressure, mean (IQR)¥ | ||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)¥ | 97.6 (11) | 107.3 (13.6) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)¥ | 59 (8.3) | 63.6 (10.6) |
| Anthropometric variables, mean (IQR) | ||
| Size (cm)¥ | 127.0 (14.0) | 163.0 (12.9) |
| Weight (kg)¥ | 25.9 (8.9) | 56.8 (17.8) |
| Body max index (kg/m2)‡ | 15.9 (2.8) | 21.0 (4.7) |
| Low weight (less than percentile 5) | 63 (4.9) | 45 (9.1) |
| Healthy weight (percentile 5 up to less than percentile 85) | 893 (69.6) | 300 (60.8) |
| Overweight (percentile 85 up to less than percentile 95) | 192 (14.9) | 55 (11.1) |
| Obese (equal or greater than percentile 95) | 134 (10.4) | 82 (16.5) |
| Waist circumference (cm)¥ | 55.0 (8.0) | 74.8 (12.1) |
| Hip circumference (cm)¥ | 63.9 (9.5) | 92 (12.35) |
| Waist-hip ratio¥ | 0.86 (0.07) | 0.81 (0.11) |
| Waist-length ratio¥ | 0.43 (0.05) | 0.45 (0.07) |
| Biochemical variables, mean (IQR) | ||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL)¥ | 170.5 (40) | 156.6 (36.3) |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)¥ | 102.5 (28.4) | 94.0 (26.6) |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)¥ | 53 (17) | 47.7 (15.1) |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL)¥ | 60 (40) | 79.1 (49.5) |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL)¥ | 81.0 (8.0) | 91.3 (6.7) |
| Fasting insulin (µU/mL)¥ | 4.9 (4.2) | 9.8 (6.1) |
| HOMA (UI/mL)¥ | 1.0 (0.8) | 2.0 (1.5) |
| Physical activity and screen time, mean (IQR)* | ||
| Moderate and intense physical activity (hours/week)¥ | 2.5 (1.2) | 2.2 (1.1) |
| Screen time (hours/day)¥ | 6.0 (4.0) | 8.5 (2.2) |
*, as determined by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ); †, determined by Fischer’s exact test; ‡, P value determined by Chi2 test; ¥, P value determined by Student’s t-test. BMI/A, body max index for age; IQR, inter quartile range.