Skip to main content
. 2019 Dec;8(5):402–411. doi: 10.21037/tp.2019.09.03

Table 3. Annual change in motor competence over the 3-year observation period in boys and girls.

Variables Girls Boys
Absolute (∆ unit) Age-referenced (∆ z-score) Absolute (∆ unit) Age-referenced (∆ z-score)
∆ 20 m sprint (s/year) −0.15±0.19** −0.18±6.00 −0.15±0.18** 1.04±5.29*
∆ Balance (steps) 1.34±3.92** 0.54±4.36 1.17±3.90** 0.45±4.37
∆ Sideways jump (# in 15 s) 4.52±2.77** 3.27±4.49** 4.47 ±2 .95** 2.34±4.02**
∆ Stand and reach (cm) 2.05±2.91** 2.74±3.90** −0.58±3.01* −0.71±3.94*
∆ Push-ups (# in 40 s) 0.45±1.84* 0.16±5.43 0.60±1.79** 0.15±4.84
∆ Sit ups (# in 40 s) 0.50±2.49 −0.91±3.97* 1.17±2.47** −1.00±4.12**
∆ Standing long-jump (cm) 4.82±8.88** −0.67±3.62 8.27±9.42** 0.56±4.71
∆ 6-min run (m) −10.15±50.29 −2.62±4.08** −10.24±74.79 −3.64±5.20**

Values are mean ± SD. ∆, annual change based on mixed linear model; *, significant change at P<0.05; **, significant change at P<0.01.