Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study group by bacteremia and mortality.
| Variables | Subgroup | Bacteremia (n=7) | Non-bacteremia (n=16) | P value | Non-survival (n=4) | Survival (n=19) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, n [%] | Male | 4 [57] | 9 [56] | 0.968 | 2 [50] | 8 [42] | 0.772 |
| Female | 3 [43] | 7 [44] | 2 [50] | 11 [58] | |||
| Birth weight, median [IQR] (grams) | – | 930 [1,484] | 1,290 [789] | 0.64 | 1,730 [1,132] | 1,146 [866] | 0.181 |
| Gestational age, n [%] (weeks) | 27–31 | 4 [57] | 9 [56] | 0.786 | 2 [50] | 11 [58] | 0.163 |
| 32–36 | 3 [43] | 5 [31] | 1 [25] | 7 [37] | |||
| 37–39 | 0 | 1 [6] | 0 [0] | 1 [5] | |||
| ≥40 | 0 | 1 [6] | 1 [25] | 0 [0] | |||
| Mode of delivery†, n [%] | Vaginal | 2 [29] | 11 [69] | 0.142 | 3 [75] | 10 [56] | 0.474 |
| Caesarean | 4 [57] | 5 [31] | 1 [25] | 8 [44] | |||
| Ethnicity, n [%] | Maroon and Creole | 3 [43] | 8 [50] | 0.226 | 2 [50] | 9 [47] | 0.963 |
| Hindu-Surinamese | 1 [14] | 6 [38] | 1 [25] | 6 [32] | |||
| Other‡ | 3 [43] | 2 [13] | 1 [25] | 4 [21] | |||
| Age at presentation, median [IQR] (days) | – | 8 [8] | 11 [15] | 0.92 | 14 [18] | 9 [12] | 0.968 |
| Interventions§, n [%] | Mechanical ventilation | 3 [60] | 8 [5] | 0.696 | 3 [75] | 8 [47] | 0.314 |
| CPAP | 2 [40] | 7 [44] | 0.882 | 1 [25] | 8 [47] | 0.422 | |
| Surfactant | 1 [20] | 4 [25] | 0.819 | 0 [0] | 5 [29] | 0.214 | |
| Cardiotonics | 1 [20] | 6 [38] | 0.469 | 2 [50] | 5 [29] | 0.432 | |
| Prior antibiotics | 4 [80] | 11 [69] | 0.627 | 2 [50] | 13 [76] | 0.292 | |
| Comorbidity†, n [%] | NEC | 3 [50] | 6 [40] | 0.676 | 1 [25] | 8 [47] | 0.422 |
| IVH | 0 [0] | 2 [13] | 0.389 | 1 [25] | 1 [6] | 0.264 | |
| Laboratory results¶, median [IQR] | CRP (mg/L) | 10 [44] | 8 [9] | 0.427 | 5 [2] | 10 [22] | 0.068 |
| WBC (×109/L) | 14.4 [12] | 11.8 [12] | 0.476 | 19 [9] | 13 [8] | 0.916 |
†, data on mode of delivery, NEC and IVH unavailable in n=1, n=2 and n=3 newborns, respectively; ‡, includes: Javanese, Chinese, Caucasian and Amerindian; §, reported are interventions performed before inclusion and/or during late onset sepsis episode. Data unavailable of n=2 newborns; ¶, reported are levels at start of antibiotic treatment. Data on CRP and WBC unavailable in n=2 and n=3 newborns, respectively. IQR, interquartile range; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; WBC, white blood cell count.