Table 2.
Biomaterials and Their Application in Supporting Neural Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
| Scaffold | Method | Cell Type | Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Natural Biomaterials | ||||
| Type-I collagen | Hydrogel | Embryonic rat neural stem and progenitor cells | Functional synapse and neuronal network formation in a 3D matrix | Ma et al., 2004 |
| Type-I collagen/hyaluronic matrix | Hydrogel | Embryonic and adult mouse neural stem cells | Survival, proliferation, and differentiation of NSCs and NPCs compared with 2D culture | Brännvall et al., 2007 |
| Alginate | Hydrogel | Adult rat neural stem cells | First demonstration of the influence of modulus on NSC differentiation in 3D scaffold | Banerjee et al., 2009 |
| Chitosan | Hydrogel | Embryonic rat neural stem cells | Demonstration of the role of topology in regulating differentiation and proliferation of NSCs in chitosan hydrogels | Wang et al., 2010 |
| Hyaluronic acid | Hydrogel | Ventral midbrain-derived mouse neural stem cells | Different mechanical properties influence on the differentiation of NPCs into astrocytes or neurons | Seidlits et al., 2010 |
| Synthetic Biomaterials | ||||
| Mixture of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(L-lysine) (PLL) | Hydrogel | Mouse postnatal isolated neural stem cells | The mechanical modulus of cross-linked hydrogels (PEG/PLL) impacts NSC migration and differentiation | Hynes et al., 2009 |
| IKVAV-RADA16 self-assembling peptide | Hydrogel | Primary mouse neural stem cells | Self-assembling peptide 3D culture for neural tissue applications | Zhang et al., 2010 |
| Nanofibrous poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) | Electrospinning | Immortalized mouse neural stem cell line (C17.2) | Nanofibrous scaffold support NSC differentiation, neurites out-growth, and NSC adhesion | Yang et al., 2004 |
| Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) | Electrospinning | Mouse cortical NSC/progenitors | Electrospun fibers influence NSC/progenitor proliferation, differentiation, and neurite growth | Wang et al., 2012a |
| Fmoc-self-assembling peptides (Fmoc-SAPs) | Hydrogel | Mouse cortical NPCs | SAPs as a tool for cell transplantation | Rodriguez et al., 2014 |
| IKVAV-RADA16 self-assembling peptide | Hydrogel | Rat neural stem cells | IKVAV-RADA16 support encapsulated NSCs and reduce the formation of glia astrocytes | Cheng et al., 2013 |