Table 1.
Summary of Randomized-Controlled Trials of Active Agents versus Placebo or No Treatment (Adapted from Danford et al17)
| Agent | Treatment | No. of Patients (n) | BMD Changes at 1 Year (%) | BMD changes at 2 Years (%) | Fractures (n) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Etidronate Wolfhagen 199754 |
400 mg/d (3 month cycles) | 6 (etidronate) 6 (no treatment)a |
+1.0 (L), +0.2 (F) -1.7 (L), +0.4 (F) |
N/A | 0 0 |
| Lindor 200053 | 400 mg/d (3 month cycles) | 29 (etidronate) 31 (placebo) |
+0.7 (L), +1.3 (F) -0.6 (L), +0.9 (F) |
+1.0 (L), +0.5 (F) +2.6 (L), +0.8 (F) |
4 (V) 4 (V) |
|
Alendronate Zein 200552 |
70 mg/wk | 15 (alendronate) 13 (placebo) |
±10.4 (L), +1.4 (F) -0.1 (L), −2.1 (F) |
N/A | 1 (V), 0 (P) 0 (V), 1 (P) |
|
HRT Ormarsdottir 200450 |
50 mcg twice weekly TD estradiol + 2.5 mg/d progestin | 8 (HRT) 9 (no treatment)a |
±3.1 (L), ±1.7 (F) +1.0 (L), −0.6 (F) |
N/A | 0 0 |
| Boone 200651 | 0.05 mg/d TD estradiol + 0.25 mg/d TD progestin | 8 (HRT) 14 (placebo) |
N/A | −0.6 (L), +0.2 (F) -0.8 (L), −3.7 (F) |
0 (V) 2 (V) |
|
Sodium fluoride Guañabens 199258 |
50 mg/d sodium fluoride | 8 (fluoride) 8 (placebo) |
N/A |
+2.9 (L) -6.6 (L) |
0 0 |
|
Calcitriol Shiomi 199944 |
0.5 mcg/d BID calcitriol | 17 (calcitriol) 17 (no treatment)a |
+0.1 (L) -3.1 (L) |
N/A | N/A |
|
Vitamin K Nishiguchi 200160 |
45 mg/d vitamin K2 | 15 (vitamin K) 15 (no treatment)a |
+0.3 (L) -3.5 (L) |
−0.8 (L) -6.9 (L) |
N/A |
Notes: Bold denotes statistical significance (p < 0.05) between groups; Underline denotes statistical difference (p < 0.05) from baseline; aPatients in no treatment groups received vitamin D and calcium supplementation.
Abbreviations: L, lumbar; F, femoral; V, vertebral; P, peripheral.