Table 2. Attenuation of hemodynamic response in the included studies.

HR: heart rate; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; MAP: mean arterial pressure

Study ID Year	Attenuation of Haemodynamic Response	Drug Groups	Comments
Nishina 1995 [2]	Yes	Fentanyl Saline	HR, SBP, DBP higher in the control group as compared to fentanyl (p<0.05)
Mikawa 1996 [12]	Yes	Diltiazem, Verapamil, Saline	HR, SBP, DBP. Both drugs attenuated but verapamil 0.1 mg /kg more effective
Nishina 1997 [13]	Yes	Lidocaine, PGE, PGE, Lidocaine Saline	PGE, Lidocaine combination attenuated SBP, DBP, and HR (p<0.05)
Shajar 1997 [19]	Yes	Remifentanil Saline	Remi attenuated both MAP, HR in comparison with saline (p<0.01 and 0.05)
Jee 2002 [14]	Yes	Lidocaine Saline	HR, SBP, DBP were attenuated by Lidocaine sprayed down the ETT immediately after extubation only
Andrzejowski 2002 [17]	No difference	Lidocaine Saline	No difference between the groups (p>0.05)
Guler 2005 [15]	Yes	Dex Saline	SAP and DAP were significantly lower in the dex group compared to saline (p<0.05). Episode of bradycardia in 1 and hypotension in 3 patients in the dex group
Turan 2008 [25]	Yes	Dex Saline	HR and MAP were significantly higher in control as compared to the dex group (p<0.01)
Aouad 2009 [22]	Yes	Remifentanil Saline	HR and MAP increased in control as compared to remi (p<0.05)
Nho 2009 [21]	Yes	Remifentanil Saline	HR and MAP were significantly increased in the control group as compared to remi (HR p=0.001 and MAP p=0.002)
Aksu 2009 [3]	Yes	Dex Fentanyl	HR, SBP, DBP were significantly increased by in fentanyl group as compared to dex (HR p=0.003and SBP p=0.037)
Moustafa 2012 [20]	Yes	Lidocaine Dex Dex plus lidocaine	Dex+lidocaine combination attenuated HR, MAP, RPP in comparison to the two drugs alone (p<0.05)
Bindhu 2013 [29]	Yes	Dex Saline	HR, SBP, DBP, and MAP significantly higher in control (p<0.05). Bradycardia and hypotension reported with dex
Mahoori 2014 [16]	Yes	Dex Saline	HR, SBP, DBP were significantly increased in control (p<0.05)
Xiachun7 2014 [7]	Yes	Dex Saline	Dexmedetomidine 0.8 ug/kg more effectively attenuated HR, SBP, and DBP
Sharma 2014 [26]	Yes	Dex Lidocaine Saline	Dexmedetomidine more effective than lignocaine in attenuating HR (p=0.01), MAP. One patient had bradycardia in the dex group
Lee 2014 [18]	Yes	Dex Saline	HR, MAP were attenuated in the dex group as compared to control. One patient had bradycardia in the dex group
Kothari 2014 [28]	Yes	Dex Lidocaine	HR, SBP, DBP, MAP were below baseline in the dex group as compared to the lido group (p<0.05)
Gao 2014 [27]	Yes	Ropivacaine Diacine	HR, MAP Ropivaciane more effective than diacine ( p<0.05)
Fan 2015 [23]	Yes	Remifentanil Dex	HR, MAP. Dexmedetomidine more effective than remifentanil (p<0.05)
Kim6 2015 [6]	Yes	Dex Saline	HR was lower in the dex group (p<0.05), no difference in MAP
Mistry 2016 [5]	Yes	Verapamil Dex	HR, MAP were higher in the verapamil group than in the dex but statistically insignificant
Shruthi 2016c[30]	Yes	Dex Saline	HR, SBP, DBP, MAP were lower in the dex group but significantly increased in the control (p<0.001)
Dutta24 2016 [24]	Yes	Lidocaine Dex Saline	HR, MAP. Dexmedetomidine better effect than lignocaine spray (p<0.05)