Table 3.
Descriptive Statistics of Categorical Independent Variables and Binary Logistic Regression versus Viral Load Suppression
| Viral Load Result | Suppressed (48) | Non Suppressed (27) | Crude Odd Ratio (COR) | P value | Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR) | 95% CI (for AOR) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at ART induction category (Years) | |||||||
| Less than 20 | 6 (12.5) | 1 (3.70) | 1 | – | 1 | – | |
| 21–35 | 21 (43.8) | 16 (59.3) | 4.571 | 0.179 | 218.776 | 0.945–50,662.9 | 0.052 |
| 36–55 | 21 (43.8) | 8 (29.6) | 2.286 | 0.471 | 90.269 | 0.596–13,663.77 | 0.079 |
| Above 55 | 0 | 2 (7.4) | 1 | – | 1 | 1 | – |
| Time taken to start ART since confirming HIV positive | |||||||
| Less than one month | 18 (37.5) | 5 (18.5) | 1 | – | 1 | – | |
| 1–6 months | 25 (52.1) | 17 (63.0) | 2.448 | 0.133 | 5.358 | 0.718–40.006 | 0.102 |
| 6−12 months | 2 (4.2) | 1 (3.7) | 1.800 | 0.657 | 1.346 | 0.017–108.466 | 0.895 |
| More than 1 year | 3 (6.3) | 4 (14.8) | 4.800 | 0.087 | 83.191 | 1.617–4280.115 | 0.028 |
| Time taken to do a viral load test since starting ART treatment | |||||||
| 1−12 months | 1 (2.1) | 0 | 1 | – | 1 | – | – |
| 13–24 months | 22 (45.8) | 17 (63.0) | 3.091 | 0.800 | 3.091 | 0.094-161-930 | 0.473 |
| 25–36 months | 9 (18.8) | 6 (22.2) | 2.667 | 0.202 | 6.581 | 0.223–194.474 | 0.275 |
| More than 36 months* | 16 (33.3) | 4 (14.8) | 1 | – | 1 | – | – |
| Marital status | |||||||
| Married | 9 (18.8) | 6 (22.2) | 1 | – | 1 | – | |
| Single | 24 (50.0) | 12 (44.4) | 0.750 | 0.650 | 0.554 | 0.113–27.050 | 0.766 |
| Widow/widower | 15 (31.2) | 9 (33.3) | 0.900 | 0.876 | 0.523 | 0.030–9.099 | 0.657 |
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 31 (64.6) | 19 (70.4) | 1 | – | 1 | – | – |
| Female | 17 (35.4) | 8 (29.6) | 0.768 | 0.610 | 0.717 | 0.078–6.567 | 0.769 |
| Entry point | |||||||
| Maternal and Child Health | 1 (2.1) | 0 | 1 | – | 1 | – | – |
| Outpatient | 10 (20.8) | 8 (30.0) | 4.8 | 0.184 | 4.979 | 0.159–155.591 | 0.361 |
| Inpatient | 10 (20.8) | 9 (33.3) | 5.4 | 0.151 | 8.395 | 0.091–777.988 | 0.357 |
| Private practice* | 1 (2.1) | 0 | 1 | – | 1 | – | – |
| Key population (IDU, MSM, sex workers | 9 (18.8) | 4 (14.8) | 2.667 | 0.79 | 6.760 | 0.194–235.302 | 0.292 |
| NGO | 11 (23.0) | 5 (18.5) | 2.727 | 0.83 | 10.367 | 0.344–312.776 | 0.178 |
| Self-referral* | 6 (12.5) | 1 (3.7) | 1 | – | 1 | – | – |
| Education level | |||||||
| No education | 1 (2.1) | 0 | 1 | – | 1 | – | – |
| Primary school | 3 (6.3) | 2 (7.4) | 0.933 | 0.949 | 1.149 | 0.021–62.208 | 0.946 |
| Junior school (SMP) | 3 (6.3) | 4 (14.8) | 1.867 | 0.517 | 31.863 | 0.706-1438-853 | 0.075 |
| High school (SMA) | 34 (70.83) | 16 (59.3) | 0.659 | 0.527 | 2.786 | 0.225–34.533 | 0.425 |
| College/University* | 7 (14.6) | 5 (18.5) | 1 | – | 1 | – | – |
| Employment status | |||||||
| Not working | 6 (12.5) | 4 (14.81) | 1 | – | 1 | – | – |
| Working | 42 (87.5) | 23 (85.2) | 0.821 | 0.777 | 0.239 | 0.0116–4.942 | 0.354 |
| Risk factor | |||||||
| Heterosexual | 28 (58.3) | 14 (51.9) | 1 | – | 1 | – | |
| Homosexual | 19 (39.6) | 13 (48.2) | 1.368 | 0.519 | 5.056 | 0.147–173.801 | 0.369 |
| Perinatal* | 1 (2.1) | 0 | 1 | – | 1 | – | – |
| WHO standard status while on ART | |||||||
| Asymptotic | 17 (35.4) | 7 (26.0) | 1 | – | 1 | – | |
| Mild symptoms | 11 (23.0) | 5 (18.5) | 1.104 | 0.888 | 3.456 | 0.131–91.041 | 0.457 |
| Moderate symptoms | 18 (37.5) | 13 (48.2) | 1.754 | 0.331 | 1.253 | 0.128–12.237 | 0.846 |
| AIDS | 2 (4.2) | 2 (7.4) | 2.429 | 0.418 | 18.636 | 0.157–2209.577 | 0.230 |
| Change in body weight while on ART | |||||||
| No change | 15 (31.3) | 3 (11.1) | 1 | – | 1 | – | – |
| Decrease | 6 (12.5) | 6 (22.2) | 5.000 | 0.60 | 29.636 | 1.193–736.167 | 0.039 |
| Increase | 27 (56.3) | 18 (66.7) | 3.333 | 0.086 | 2.878 | 0.212–39.113 | 0.427 |
| WHO standard status while on pre ART | |||||||
| Asymptotic | 23 (48.0) | 15 (55.6) | 1 | – | 1 | – | – |
| Mild symptoms | 6 (12.5) | 3 (11.1) | 0.7667 | 0.734 | 1.251 | 0.052–30.064 | 0.890 |
| Moderate symptoms | 15 (31.3) | 7 (26.0) | 0.716 | 0.553 | 0.473 | 0.024–9.486 | 0.624 |
| AIDS | 4 (8.3) | 2 (7.4) | 0.767 | 0.775 | 0.030 | 0.000–2.052 | 0.104 |
Notes: *Variables were found to be collinear with the reference variable.