Table 1.
Ligands of GPER and ERs (60).
| DPN | PPT | 17β-Estradiol | Genistein BPA Nonylphenol DDT | Tamoxifen Raloxifene | ICI182,780 | G-1 | G15 G36 | Quercetin (61, 62) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERα/β | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | – | n.d | n.d. | + |
| GPER | n.d. | +? | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | −− | ++ |
DPN, diaryl propionitrile; PPT, propylpyrazoletriol; BPA, bisphenol A; DDT, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. Plus (+) symbol denotes weak agonist; Double plus (++) symbol denotes strong agonist; Minus (–) symbol denotes weak antagonist; Double minus (– –) symbol denotes strong antagonist; n.d., no reported data. Question mark (?) denotes interpret with care until confirmed by additional approaches.