Table 3.
Summary of gene therapy in scaffold based osteochondral tissue repair.
Cells | Gene | Scaffold | Gene vector | Approach | Vitro or vivo model | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BMSCs | IGF1 | Calcium alginate gel | Plasmid | Ex vivo | Rabbit knee osteochondral defect | (Leng et al., 2012) |
TGF-β | PLA | Plasmid | Ex vivo | Rabbit knee full-thickness defects | (Guo et al., 2006) | |
TGF-β1 | PLGA/fibrin gel hybrids | Plasmid | Ex vivo | Rabbit knee full-thickness defects | (Li et al., 2014) | |
TGF-β1 | PGA | Adenovirus | In vitro, ex vivo | Mice subcutaneous tissue | (Xia et al., 2009) | |
BMP-2, TGF-β3 | DBM | Adenovirus | In vitro, ex vivo | Pig knee full-thickness defects | (Wang et al., 2014) | |
SOX9 | PGA | Adenovirus | In vitro, ex vivo | Rabbit knee full-thickness defects | (Cao et al., 2011) | |
SOX9 | Fibrin-polyurethane | rAAV | In vitro | Hydrodynamic culture conditions | (Venkatesan et al., 2018) | |
IL-1Ra, BMP-2, TGF-β3 | CDM | Lentiviral | In vitro | Joint organoid model | (Rowland et al., 2018) | |
CNP | Chitosan/silk fibroin | Adenovirus | Ex vivo | Rat knee full-thickness defects | (Yang et al., 2019) | |
miR-221 | Alginate | Lipofectamine | In vitro, ex vivo | Mice knee osteochondral defects | (Lolli et al., 2016) | |
ADSCs | TGF-β3/BMP-6 | PLGA-GCH | Baculovirus | Ex vivo | Rat knee full-thickness defects | (Lu et al., 2014) |
SOX trio | Fibrin gel | Retrovirus | In vitro, ex vivo | Rat knee osteochondral defect, OA | (Lee and Im, 2012) | |
eGFP, IL-1Ra | PCL | Lentiviral | In vitro | Cultured in chondrogenic conditions | (Moutos et al., 2016) | |
Chondrocytes | IGF-1 | Fibrinogen | Adenovirus | Ex vivo | Equine knee osteochondral defect | (Goodrich et al., 2007) |
IGF-1 | Fibrin | rAAV5 | Ex vivo | Equine knee full-thickness defects | (Griffin et al., 2016) | |
IGF-I, FGF-2 | Alginate | Plasmid | Ex vivo | Rabbit knee osteochondral defect | (Orth et al., 2011) | |
FGF-2 | Alginate | Plasmid | In vitro, ex vivo | Rabbit knee osteochondral defect | (Kaul et al., 2006) | |
Integrin β1 | PLGA | Lentiviral | In vitro | Cultured under periodic mechanical stress | (Liang et al., 2015) |
IGF, Insulin-like growth factor; TGF, Transforming growth factor; BMP, Bone morphogenetic protein; PLGA, Poly lactide-co-glycolide; DBM, Demineralized bone matrix; PGA, polyglycolic; GCH, gelatin, chondroitin-6-sulfate and hyaluronic acid; IL-1Ra, IL-1 receptor antagonist; eGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein.