Table 4.
Results of the linear models on the five PCA factors of the DPQ.
| Source | df | Fearfulness (N = 1,170) | Aggression toward people (N = 1,182) | Activity excitability (N = 1,156) | Responsiveness to training (N = 1,183) | Aggression toward animals (N = 1,171) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | P | FDR | Partial eta2 | F | P | FDR | Partial eta2 | F | P | FDR | Partial eta2 | F | P | FDR | Partial eta2 | F | P | FDR | Partial eta2 | ||
| Corrected Model | 6.542 | <0.001 | 0.230 | 3.327 | <0.001 | 0.131 | 10.800 | <0.001 | 0.333 | 18.830 | <0.001 | 0.459 | 2.884 | <0.001 | 0.116 | ||||||
| Age group | 5 | 2.690 | 0.020 | 0.066 | 0.012 | 0.897 | 0.482 | 0.605 | 0.004 | 18.153 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.076 | 1.077 | 0.372 | 0.475 | 0.005 | 4.113 | 0.001 | 0.012 | 0.018 |
| Height (in cm) | 1 | 0.194 | 0.659 | 0.288 | 0.000 | 0.578 | 0.447 | 0.605 | 0.001 | 0.137 | 0.711 | 0.779 | 0.000 | 2.094 | 0.148 | 0.340 | 0.002 | 1.266 | 0.261 | 0.375 | 0.001 |
| Weight (in kg) | 1 | 29.058 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.025 | 2.569 | 0.109 | 0.358 | 0.002 | 0.938 | 0.333 | 0.418 | 0.001 | 7.039 | 0.008 | 0.031 | 0.006 | 1.512 | 0.219 | 0.336 | 0.001 |
| Breed | 1 | 16.562 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.015 | 10.112 | 0.002 | 0.012 | 0.009 | 3.387 | 0.066 | 0.169 | 0.003 | 0.238 | 0.626 | 0.719 | 0.000 | 5.841 | 0.016 | 0.061 | 0.005 |
| Sex | 1 | 9.013 | 0.003 | 0.010 | 0.008 | 14.386 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.013 | 3.806 | 0.051 | 0.147 | 0.003 | 10.334 | 0.001 | 0.008 | 0.009 | 2.739 | 0.098 | 0.188 | 0.002 |
| Neuter status | 1 | 3.173 | 0.075 | 0.173 | 0.003 | 1.097 | 0.295 | 0.590 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.985 | 0.985 | 0.000 | 0.993 | 0.319 | 0.459 | 0.001 | 3.065 | 0.080 | 0.178 | 0.003 |
| Sensory problems | 1 | 2.205 | 0.138 | 0.693 | 0.002 | 1.729 | 0.189 | 0.543 | 0.002 | 6.526 | 0.011 | 0.042 | 0.006 | 1.516 | 0.218 | 0.380 | 0.001 | 5.967 | 0.015 | 0.061 | 0.005 |
| Off-leash activity | 4 | 1.510 | 0.197 | 0.377 | 0.005 | 0.718 | 0.580 | 0.642 | 0.003 | 2.039 | 0.087 | 0.200 | 0.007 | 3.872 | 0.004 | 0.023 | 0.014 | 1.866 | 0.114 | 0.202 | 0.007 |
| Body Condition Score | 2 | 0.411 | 0.663 | 0.693 | 0.001 | 0.693 | 0.500 | 0.605 | 0.001 | 5.427 | 0.005 | 0.029 | 0.010 | 0.385 | 0.681 | 0.719 | 0.001 | 1.851 | 0.158 | 0.260 | 0.003 |
| Food | 4 | 0.930 | 0.446 | 0.603 | 0.003 | 1.374 | 0.241 | 0.564 | 0.005 | 1.356 | 0.247 | 0.379 | 0.005 | 2.959 | 0.019 | 0.055 | 0.010 | 3.443 | 0.008 | 0.046 | 0.012 |
| Vitamins | 3 | 0.769 | 0.512 | 0.654 | 0.002 | 0.190 | 0.903 | 0.903 | 0.001 | 1.938 | 0.122 | 0.236 | 0.005 | 1.428 | 0.233 | 0.380 | 0.004 | 0.739 | 0.529 | 0.676 | 0.002 |
| Trauma | 1 | 40.734 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.035 | 22.142 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.019 | 1.619 | 0.204 | 0.335 | 0.001 | 0.805 | 0.370 | 0.475 | 0.001 | 8.502 | 0.004 | 0.031 | 0.008 |
| Health problems | 4 | 2.719 | 0.029 | 0.082 | 0.010 | 0.356 | 0.840 | 0.878 | 0.001 | 1.225 | 0.298 | 0.403 | 0.004 | 1.635 | 0.163 | 0.341 | 0.006 | 2.051 | 0.085 | 0.178 | 0.007 |
| Medication | 1 | 0.299 | 0.585 | 0.684 | 0.000 | 0.297 | 0.586 | 0.642 | 0.000 | 1.724 | 0.189 | 0.334 | 0.002 | 0.161 | 0.688 | 0.719 | 0.000 | 0.063 | 0.802 | 0.922 | 0.000 |
| Owner age | 3 | 1.007 | 0.389 | 0.559 | 0.003 | 1.030 | 0.379 | 0.604 | 0.003 | 0.939 | 0.421 | 0.484 | 0.003 | 1.500 | 0.213 | 0.380 | 0.004 | 0.106 | 0.957 | 0.957 | 0.000 |
| Age of dog when arrived | 3 | 1.163 | 0.323 | 0.495 | 0.003 | 3.104 | 0.026 | 0.120 | 0.008 | 14.223 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.037 | 0.719 | 0.541 | 0.655 | 0.002 | 3.224 | 0.022 | 0.072 | 0.009 |
| Get dog | 2 | 1.163 | 0.313 | 0.495 | 0.002 | 1.180 | 0.308 | 0.590 | 0.002 | 4.945 | 0.007 | 0.032 | 0.009 | 0.029 | 0.972 | 0.972 | 0.000 | 0.069 | 0.933 | 0.957 | 0.000 |
| Where dog is kept | 2 | 1.448 | 0.236 | 0.417 | 0.003 | 2.503 | 0.082 | 0.314 | 0.004 | 1.065 | 0.345 | 0.418 | 0.002 | 1.394 | 0.248 | 0.380 | 0.002 | 2.548 | 0.079 | 0.178 | 0.005 |
| Dog obedience tasks | 3 | 5.895 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.016 | 12.157 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.031 | 12.738 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.033 | 83.808 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.182 | 7.275 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.019 |
| Play | 3 | 0.091 | 0.965 | 0.965 | 0.000 | 0.940 | 0.420 | 0.604 | 0.002 | 1.931 | 0.123 | 0.236 | 0.005 | 4.207 | 0.006 | 0.028 | 0.011 | 0.248 | 0.863 | 0.945 | 0.001 |
| Commands | 2 | 0.520 | 0.595 | 0.684 | 0.001 | 0.869 | 0.420 | 0.604 | 0.002 | 3.388 | 0.034 | 0.112 | 0.006 | 19.961 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.034 | 0.801 | 0.449 | 0.607 | 0.001 |
| Dog training activities | 2 | 7.052 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.012 | 0.925 | 0.397 | 0.604 | 0.002 | 1.228 | 0.293 | 0.403 | 0.002 | 4.064 | 0.017 | 0.055 | 0.007 | 0.408 | 0.665 | 0.805 | 0.001 |
| Dog behavior changed | 1 | 4.191 | 0.041 | 0.105 | 0.004 | 1.350 | 0.245 | 0.564 | 0.001 | 0.068 | 0.794 | 0.830 | 0.000 | 5.025 | 0.025 | 0.064 | 0.004 | 2.970 | 0.085 | 0.178 | 0.003 |
Owner experience, Other dogs in the household, People in household, Child, and Time spent alone were removed from the model, as all p values were non-significant, and none of these variables differed among the age groups. All other non-significant effects remained in the model in order to control for age effects on the explanatory variables. P values were corrected for multiple comparisons using the false discovery rate procedure (FDR). Significant predictors are highlighted in bold and colored (p ≤ 0.05).