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. 2020 Jan 20;10:699. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-57685-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Protective effects of brain-targeted polymersomes with carnosine on infarct volume in rats with tMCAo Transient focal ischemia was induced in rats for ischemia (3 hours)/reperfusion (21 hr) injury (I/R injury), and brain damage was calculated with histological analysis. Carnosine (1,000 mg/kg), bt-CAR-NP (1 mg/kg), nt-CAR-NP (1 mg/kg) or corresponding vehicles (Saline, bt-Blank-NP and nt-Blank-NP, respectively) were intravenously administered at 3 hours after ischemic onset. (A) Cerebral blood flow before and after I/R injury. Values are mean ± SD. (B) Infarct volume was calculated using TTC staining of brain sections. Representative scanned images were shown. Box plot: median, first and third quartile; whiskers: range. All values were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Different letters indicate a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between experimental groups: a vs. rats treated with saline; b vs. rats treated with bt-Blank-NP; d vs. rats treated with nt-CAR-NP. A and B: N = 15 rats/group.