Table 2.
Characteristics of studies investigating correlations between metabolites and MetS criteria.
| Reference (Study, population location) | Study design | Outcome (definition) | N | Age range | Gender | Population sample characteristics | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean type (available or calculated) | Age | BMI | WC (cm) | Sys BP /Dia BP (mmHg) | Glucose (mM) | TG (mM) | HDL-C (mM) | ||||||
| Barrea_201872 (Italy) | — | MetS (NCEP ATP III) | 137 | 20–63 | M + W | Calculated | 36 | 33 | 109 | 126 / 80 | 5.5 | 1.6 | 1.1 |
| Blouin_200573 (Quebec family study (QFS), Quebec (CAN)) | — | MetS (NCEP ATP III) | 130 | 20–71 | M | Available | 43 ± 15 | 27 ± 5 | 93 ± 14 | 117 ± 16 / 73 ± 10 | 5.5 ± 1.1 | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 1.1 ± 0.3 |
| Caimi_201263 (Italy) | Case/Control | MetS ± T2D (IDF) | 160 | — | M + W | All MetS | 54 ± 9 | 32 ± 5 | 107 ± 11 | 132 ± 16 / 81 ± 10 | 6.3 ± 2.5 | 2.5 ± 1.7 | 1.0 ± 0.3 |
| Cheng_201274 (Framingham Heart Study (FHS), USA) (Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDC), Sweden) | Case/Control | Cardio-metabolic risk | 1015 | 47–65 | M + W | Available | 56 ± 9 | 28 ± 5 | 96 ± 14 | 129 ± 18 / 76 ± 10 | 5.4 ± 0.6 | 1.8 ± 1.2 | 1.2 ± 0.4 |
| Case/Control | Cardio-metabolic risk | 746 | 53–65 | M + W | Available | 59 ± 6 | 27 ± 4 | 88 ± 13 | 147 ± 19 / 90 ± 9 | 5.1 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± NA | 1.3 ± 0.3 | |
| Favennec_201575 (D.E.S.I.R. cohort, France) | Case/Control | T2D | 1048 | 37–60 | M + W | Calculated | 48 | 25 | 85 | NA | 5.5 | NA | NA |
| (Biological Atlas of Severe Obesity (ABOS), France) | Case/Control | Obesity | 109 | 26–56 | W | Calculated | 46 | 25 | 121 | NA | 6.6 | NA | NA |
| Gao_201976 (CODING, Canada) | — | MetS | 536 | — | M | Available | 42 ± 13 | 28 ± 5 | 99 ± 13 | 133 ± 15 / 84 ± 10 | 5.3 ± 0.7 | 1.5 ± 1 | 1.2 ± 0.3 |
| 545 | — | W | Available | 45 ± 11 | 27 ± 5 | 91 ± 15 | 123 ± 16 / 80 ± 11 | 5.1 ± 0.7 | 1.2 ± 0.7 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | |||
| Ho_201677 (Framingham Heart Study (FHS), USA) | — | BMI | 2383 | 45–65 | M + W | Available | 55 ± 10 | 28 ± 5 | NA |
126 ± 19 75 ± 10 |
5.3* (4.9;5.7) | 1.4* (1.0;2.0) | 1.2* (1.0;1.5) |
| Huynh_201978 (AusDiab, Australia) | — | Cardio-metabolic risk | 389 | — | M + W | Available | 55 ± 12 | 27 ± 4 | NA | 131 ± 18 / 71 ± 11 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 1.46 ± 0.4 |
| Liu_201779 (ERF, Netherlands) | Case/Control | T2D | 2776 | — | M + W | Calculated | 49 | 27 | NA | 140 / 80 | 4.7 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
| Marchand_201880 (Quebec (CAN)) | — | Insulin resistance | 101 | 48–68 | W | Available | 57 ± 4 | 28 ± 5 | 89 ± 12 | 130 ± 15 / 82 ± 7 | 5.6 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 1.4 ± 0.4 |
| Neeland_201881 (DHS, USA) | — | T2D | 3072 | 18–65 | M + W | Available | 43 ± 10 | 28 | NA | 119 / NA | 5 | 5.2 | 2.7 |
| Ntzouvani_201766 (Greece) | Case/Control | MetS (IDF) | 100 | over 30 | M | Calculated | 56 | 27 | NA | 130 / 83 | 5.3 | 1.5 | 1.1 |
| Ottosson_201882 (Malmö Preventive Project, Sweden) | — | T2D | 1084 | — | M + W | Calculated | 69 | 27 | NA | 147 / NA | 5.5 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
| Ramakrishanan_201868 (USA) | Case/Control | MetS (NCEP ATP III) | 50 | 24–72 | M + W | Calculated | 51 | 33 | 102 | 126 / 78 | 5.2 | 1.3 | 1.2 |
| Shim_201969 (USA) | Case/Control | MetS (NCEP ATP III) | 50 | 24–72 | M + W | Calculated | 51 | 33 | 102 | 126 / 78 | 5.2 | 1.3 | 1.2 |
| Wang-Satler_201283 (KORA, Germany) | Case/Control | T2D | 1297 | 58–72 | M + W | Calculated | 64 | 28 | NA | 135 / NA | 5.6 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
BMI = body mass index; WC = waist circumference; BP = blood pressure (sys = systolic; dia = diastolic); TG = triglycerides; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NA = not available; ‘Calculated mean type’ refers to clinical variable means that were calculated, when missing, from the available data in the publication. Mean values ± SD; *Median value (25th; 7 = th percentiles).