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. 2020 Jan 20;10:690. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-57229-6

Table 2.

Values of pH, droplet size, zeta potential and observations on creaming of the emulsions.

Emulsion Solubility
of peptides*		 pH D4,3 (μm)** Zeta potential
(mV)		 Observations***
Day 0 Day 1 Day 3 Day 6 Day 0 Day 1 Day 6
α-10 Soluble 6.3 1.9 ± 1.3a 1.5 ± 0.6a 4.3 ± 0.6a 5.5 ± 0.4b,* 28.0 ± 2.1e 1 1 1
α-11 Soluble 6.5 40.4 ± 10.6c 60.9 ± 8.2b — — −27.6 ± 4.6c 4 4 4
α-12 Soluble 6.3 0.3 ± 0.02a 2.3 ± 0.8a 2.7 ± 1.0a 3.0 ± 0.5a,b,* −54.8 ± 3.5b 1 1 1
α-13 Soluble 6.5 94.9 ± 6.1d 111.6 ± 33.1c — — −26.3 ± 0.7c,d 4 4 4
α-14 Soluble 6.1 16.3 ± 1.2b 11.8 ± 1.9a 11.8 ± 0.1b 12.8 ± 3.3c,ns −15.5 ± 3.8d 2 2 3
α-15 Soluble 5.6 0.3 ± 0.07a 0.3 ± 0.06a 0.3 ± 0.07a 0.3 ± 0.07a,ns −69.1 ± 3.9a 1 3 3
α-16 Soluble 5.7 1.0 ± 0.9a 0.3 ± 0.09a 0.4 ± 0.0a 0.4 ± 0.0a,ns −67.0 ± 3.5a 3 3 3
α-17 Cloudy 6.5 9.3 ± 3.0a,b 17.4 ± 3.7a 34.6 ± 0.7d 24.2 ± 0.1e,* −31.2 ± 2.7c 2 2 2
α-18 Cloudy 6.1 8.9 ± 0.3a,b 12.8 ± 1.7a 15.8 ± 1.8b 26.0 ± 2.9e,* −46.8 ± 6.9b 2 2 2
α-19 Soluble 6.7 21.3 ± 5.5b 31.9 ± 4.7a,b 22.4 ± 4.0c 18.2 ± 1.6d,ns −24.0 ± 4.0c,d 1 2 2
β-20 Cloudy 6.2 14.0 ± 1.5a,b 14.8 ± 1.2a,b 26.9 ± 4.1b 37.6 ± 1.7c,* −30.5 ± 4.2c,d 2 2 2
β-21 Cloudy 6.9 24.1 ± 9.7b 28.1 ± 4.6a,b,c 38.6 ± 2.8c,d 42.8 ± 2.1d,* −37.6 ± 3.1c 2 2 2
β-22 Soluble 6.1 6.0 ± 0.6a 6.1 ± 0.5a,b 6.1 ± 0.9a 8.5 ± 0.1a,b,* −70.9 ± 3.0a 1 1 1
β-23 Cloudy 6.6 16.9 ± 1.7a,b 26.5 ± 6.4a,b,c 29.9 ± 6.2b,c 33.6 ± 0.2c,* −54.0 ±  ± 0.9b 1 1 1
β-24 Cloudy 6.4 40.6 ± 1.4c 41.9 ± 11.6c — — −36.2 ± 13.3c 4 4 4
β-26 Soluble 6.3 50.1 ± 14.7c 98.0 ± 26.5d — — −19.2 ± 4.9d 4 4 4
β-27 Cloudy 6.3 2.6 ± 0.9a 2.4 ± 0.1a 4.3 ± 0.5a 5.4 ± 1.1a,* 15.8 ± 2.9e 1 1 1
β-28 Soluble 6.1 6.9 ± 2.3a 31.1 ± 0.06b,c 40.3 ± 4.8d — −29.9 ± 2.9c,d 2 4 4
β-29 Cloudy 6.3 12.0 ± 0.2a,b 15.0 ± 0.9a,b 12.9 ± 0.4a 10.6 ± 0.9b,ns −28.9 ± 1.1c,d 2 2 2
β-30 Cloudy 6.0 10.5 ± 0.1a,b 12.4 ± 2.1a,b 10.5 ± 0.3a 10.7 ± 0.1b,ns −21.8 ± 2.1d 2 2 2
β-31 Soluble 6.1 2.9 ± 0.6a 6.1 ± 0.6a,b 8.7 ± 0.6a 12.4 ± 3.5b,* −21.8 ± 0.9d 3 3 3
γ-1 Soluble 6.2 0.6 ± 0.2a 0.7 ± 0.2a 0.6 ± 0.2a 0.6 ± 0.2a,ns −61.3 ± 3.1b 1 1 1
γ-34 Cloudy 6.0 16.6 ± 1.3a 18.4 ± 0.7d 20.7 ± 0.7d 21.1 ± 0.9e,* −20.2 ± 7.5e 2 2 2
γ-35 Cloudy 6.0 24.0 ± 0.0a,b 25.6 ± 1.4e 34.2 ± 1.0d 31.7 ± 1.4f,* −24.5 ± 3.4d,e 2 2 2
γ-36 Soluble 6.4 0.8 ± 0.0a 3.8 ± 0.8b 3.3 ± 0.1a,b 2.5 ± 0.2a,b,* −54.5 ± 1.7b 1 1 1
γ-37 Soluble 6.1 0.6 ± 0.0a 0.5 ± 0.0a 0.8 ± 0.5a 0.7 ± 0.4a −39.2 ± 1.7c 3 3 3
γ-38 Soluble 6.1 5.7 ± 0.1a 4.1 ± 0.9b 5.7 ± 1.7b 8.8 ± 0.1c,d 34.6 ± 3.2g 1 1 1
γ-39 Soluble 6.8 54.9 ± 0.0b,c — — — −21.5 ± 1.4e 4 4 4
γ-40 Cloudy 6.8 1.0 ± 0.1a 1.0 ± 0.1a 0.9 ± 0.1a 0.9 ± 0.1a,ns −55.6 ± 2.2b 1 1 1
γ-41 Soluble 6.5 69.8 ± 17.1c — — — −29.4 ± 7.2c,d,e 4 4 4
γ-42 Cloudy 6.9 1.3 ± 0.3a 3.5 ± 1.8b 2.1 ± 0.1a,b 7.2 ± 1.5c,* −35.4 ± 1.7c,d 1 2 2
γ-43 Soluble 7.0 60.3 ± 41.2c — — — −24.9 ± 5.4dd,e 4 4 4
γ-44 Cloudy 7.0 2.4 ± 0.2a 6.8 ± 0.7c 10.4 ± 4.3c 11.0 ± 0.0d,* 30.0 ± 1.05f,g 1 1 1
γ-45 Soluble 6.8 82.5 ± 10.5c — — — −22.7 ± 2.3e 4 4 4
γ-46 Soluble 6.4 87.5 ± 4.5c — — — −20.4 ± 4.4e 4 4 4
γ-47 Soluble 6.1 123.7 ± 8.8d — — — −21.5 ± 4.3e 4 4 4
γ-48 Soluble 5.9 0.4 ± 0.0a 0.7 ± 0.4a 2.4 ± 1.4a,b 2.4 ± 1.7a,b,ns −78.2 ± 2.9a 1 3 3
γ-49 Soluble 6.7 1.7 ± 0.3a 0.8 ± 0.0a 1.3 ± 0.2a,b 4.5 ± 0.3b,* 18.9 ± 3.8f 1 1 2
Casein Soluble 6.9 1.1 ± 0.2 1.1 ± 0.2 0.9 ± 0.2 1.0 ± 0.2 −41.5 ± 1.1 1 1 1

*Solubility of peptides in 10 mM sodium acetate - 10 mM imidazole buffer (pH 7). Soluble: totally soluble; cloudy: no totally soluble.

**No values (—) were obtained for emulsions with phase separation.

***The number codes stand for: 1: no creaming; 2: creaming; 3: oil layer above the emulsion; 4: phase separation.

For each type of peptides, different letters in the same column indicate significant differences between samples (p<0.05). ‘ns’ indicates not significant differences (p>0.05), whereas ‘*’ indicates significant differences (p<0.05) in D4,3 between days 1 and 6 for the same emulsion.