TABLE 2.
Nine bi-tasking benchmark problems.
| Two-task problem | Intersection and similarity | Task | Rs | DT | Global optimal | Landscape |
| 1 | CI+HS | Griewank | 1.0000 | 50 | (0, 0, . . ., 0)∈[−100, 100]50 | Multimodal+Non-separable |
| Rastrigin | 50 | (0, 0, . . ., 0)∈ [−50, 50]50 | Multimodal+Non-separable | |||
| 2 | CI+MS | Ackley | 0.2261 | 50 | (0, 0, . . ., 0)∈ [−50, 50]50 | Multimodal+Non-separable |
| Rastrigin | 50 | (0, 0, . . ., 0)∈ [−50, 50]50 | Multimodal+Non-separable | |||
| 3 | CI+LS | Ackley | 0.0002 | 50 | (42.0969, . . ., 42.0969)∈ [−50, 50]50 | Multimodal+Non-separable |
| Schwefel | 50 | (420.9687, . . ., 420.9687)∈ [−500, 500]50 | Multimodal+Separable | |||
| 4 | PI+HS | Rastrigin | 0.8670 | 50 | (0, 0, . . ., 0)∈ [−50, 50]50 | Multimodal+Non-separable |
| Sphere | 50 | (0, . . ., 0, 20, . . ., 20)∈ [−100, 100]50 | Unimodal+Separable | |||
| 5 | PI+MS | Ackley | 0.2154 | 50 | (0, . . ., 0, 1, . . ., 1)∈ [−50, 50]50 | Multimodal+Non-separable |
| Rosenbrock | 50 | (1, 1, . . ., 1)∈ [−50, 50]50 | Multimodal+Non-separable | |||
| 6 | PI+LS | Ackley | 0.0725 | 50 | (0, 0, . . ., 0)∈ [−50, 50]50 | Multimodal+Non-separable |
| Weierstrass | 25 | (0, 0, . . ., 0)∈ [−0.5, 0.5]25 | Multimodal+Non-separable | |||
| 7 | NI+HS | Rosenbrock | 0.9434 | 50 | (1, 1, . . ., 1)∈ [−50, 50]50 | Multimodal+Non-separable |
| Rastrigin | 50 | (0, 0, . . ., 0)∈ [−50, 50]50 | Multimodal+Non-separable | |||
| 8 | NI+MS | Griewank | 0.3669 | 50 | (10, 10, . . ., 10)∈ [−100, 100]50 | Multimodal+Non-separable |
| Weierstrass | 50 | (0, 0, . . ., 0)∈ [−0.5, 0.5]50 | Multimodal+Non-separable | |||
| 9 | NI+LS | Rastrigin | 0.0016 | 50 | (0, 0, . . ., 0)∈ [−50, 50]50 | Multimodal+Non-separable |
| Schwefel | 50 | (420.9687, . . ., 420.9687)∈ [−500, 500]50 | Multimodal+Separable |