FIGURE 1.

Possible MSC exosome functions contributions to paracrine signaling in Bone Regeneration. MSC exosomes endocytosed by various local cells can influence angiogenesis, inflammation and the functions of osteoprogenitor cells. Enhancing functions of endogenous cell types involved in craniofacial regeneration avoids the harvesting, expansion and use of autogenous or allogenic cells. Exosomes can provide alternative modulation of cell function to avoid use of growth factors or cytokines in order to alter target cell function.