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. 2020 Jan 20;10:658. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-57310-0

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Saturation current density as a function of the pinhole areal density determined using the given parameters together with the Fischer model. The blue and red lines present the two different base materials that were used for the cells and the reference wafers. The stars indicate the saturation current densities calculated from the measured lifetimes and the respective measured pinhole areal densities.