Table 1.
Clinical, demographic, and laboratory characteristics of Heart Failure Group (HFG) and controls (CG)
| Characteristics | HFG (N = 79) | CG (N = 143) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 65.6 ± 13 | 65.44 ± 11.8 | 0.745 |
| Gender | 0.740 | ||
| Men, N (%) | 46 (58.2) | 80 (55.9) | |
| Women, N (%) | 33 (41.8) | 63 (44.1) | |
| Ethnicity | |||
| White, N (%) | 52 (65.8) | 139 (97.2) | < 0.001 |
| Mulatto, N (%) | 24 (30.3) | 1 (0.7) | < 0.001 |
| Black, N (%) | 3 (3.8) | 3 (2.1) | 0.752 |
| Weight (Kg) | 70.7 ± 13.3 | 72.9 ± 11.46 | 0.158 |
| Height (m) | 1.62 ± 0.08 | 1.64 ± 0.10 | 0.306 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 26.88 ± 4.04 | 27.08 ± 3.03 | 0.700 |
| BMI interval | |||
| 18.5-24.9 Kg/m2 | 24 (30.37) | 34 (23.77) | 0.360 |
| 25-29.9 Kg/m2 | 37 (46.83) | 96 (67.13) | 0.005 |
| ≥ 30 Kg/m2 | 18 (22.78) | 13 (9.09) | 0.009 |
| Previous Smoking, N (%) | 35 (44.30) | NA | |
| Current Smoking, N (%) | 10 (12.66) | 63 (44.1) | < 0.001 |
| Previous alcohol intake, N (%) | 3 (3.85) | NA | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Dyslipidemia, N (%) | 65 (82.2) | 26 (32.5) | < 0.001 |
| Arterial Hypertension, N (%) | 62 (78.48) | 33 (41.25) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, N (%) | 24 (30.4) | 10 (12.5) | 0.006 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, N (%) | 23 (29) | 0 | < 0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation, N (%) | 19 (25) | NA | |
| COPD and other Pneumopathies, N (%) | 12 (15.2) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 |
| Hypothyroidism, N (%) | 7 (8.9) | 5 (6.25) | 0.252 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 3 (3.8) | NA | |
| Laboratory exams | |||
| Sodium (mEq/L) | 138.06 ± 3.26 | NA | |
| Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.545 ± 0.52 | NA | |
| Urea (mg/dL) | 44.62 ± 16.96 | NA | |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.12 ± 0.26 | 1.0 ± 0.28 | 0.001 |
| TSH (μUI/mL) | 1.92 ± 0.94 | 2.2 ± 0.97 | 0.127 |
| Free T4 (pg/dL) | 1.098 ± 0.18 | NA | |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.016 ± 0.29 | 4.1 ± 0.24 | 0.510 |
| 25 OH Vitamin D (ng/mL) | 27 ± 15.50 | 27.6 ± 13.96 | 0.780 |
| Total Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.317 ± 0.52 | 9.4 ± 0.49 | 0.568 |
| Inorganic phosphate (mg/dL) | 3.53 ± 0.69 | NA | |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 0.541 ± 0.97 | NA | |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.81 ± 1.71 | 14 ± 1.36 | 0.479 |
| Leukocytes × 10-9/L | 7.615 ± 2.9 | NA | |
| HbA1c % | 5.703 ± 0.55 | NA | |
| INR | 2.06 ± 1.24 | NA | |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 41 ± 11.40 | NA | |
| c-LDL (mg/dL) | 101.5 ± 36.20 | NA | |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 119 ± 55.70 | NA | |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 166 ± 42.20 | NA | |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 1,883.53 ± 2,209.25 | NA |
y, years; N, number; %, percentage; Kg, Kilogram; m, meter; Kg/m2, Kilogram per square meter; COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; TSH, Thyroid Stimulant Hormone; Free T4, free form of Thyroxine; 25 OH Vitamin D, 25 Hydroxyvitamin D; HbA1c%, Hemoglobin glycosylated; INR, international normalized ratio; HDL, High-Density Lipoprotein; c-LDL = calculated Low Density Lipoprotein; NT-proBNP = N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide; NA = not available.