Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the study population.
| Factor | Standard automated email group (S; n=157) | Standard plus SMS message group (S+pSMS; n=163) | Standard plus videoconference support group (S+VCS; n=138) | Combined groups (N=458) | Analysis of variance or Fisher Exact test, P value | ||||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 45.6 (13.9) | 46.5 (13.4) | 44.3 (13.9) | 45.5 (13.7) | .19 | ||||||
| Gender, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
.82 | ||||||
|
|
Female | 124 (79.0) | 126 (77.3) | 106 (76.8) | 356 (77.7) |
|
|||||
|
|
Male | 33 (21.0) | 37 (22.7) | 31 (22.5) | 101 (22.1) |
|
|||||
|
|
Other | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.2) |
|
|||||
| Education, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
.16 | ||||||
|
|
Primary or elementary | 0 (0) | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.4) |
|
|||||
|
|
Secondary or high school | 36 (22.9) | 39 (23.9) | 24 (17.4) | 99 (21.6) |
|
|||||
|
|
Tertiary undergraduate | 74 (47.2) | 65 (39.9) | 75 (54.3) | 214 (46.7) |
|
|||||
|
|
Tertiary postgraduate | 47 (29.9) | 57 (35.0) | 39 (28.3) | 143 (31.3) |
|
|||||
| Ethnicity, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
.34 | ||||||
|
|
White | 124 (79.0) | 118 (72.4) | 110 (79.7) | 352 (76.9) |
|
|||||
|
|
Maori/Pacific Islander | 12 (7.6) | 16 (9.8) | 7 (5.1) | 35 (7.6) |
|
|||||
|
|
Asian | 5 (3.2) | 11 (6.7) | 2 (1.4) | 18 (3.9) |
|
|||||
|
|
Black African/American | 4 (2.5) | 3 (1.8) | 3 (2.2) | 10 (2.2) |
|
|||||
|
|
Indigenous | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.2) |
|
|||||
|
|
Spanish, Hispanic, Latino | 5 (3.2) | 3 (1.8) | 4 (2.9) | 12 (2.6) |
|
|||||
|
|
Other | 7 (4.5) | 12 (7.5) | 11 (8.0) | 30 (6.6) |
|
|||||
| Outcome measures, mean (SD) |
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
Mental Health | 64.4 (17.3) | 65.7 (17.5) | 64.6 (16.5) | 64.9 (17.1) | >.99 | |||||
|
|
Vitality | 58.5 (17.4) | 60.2 (17.4) | 58.6 (17.2) | 59.1 (17.3) | .59 | |||||
|
|
Depression | 3.8 (3.7) | 4.0 (4.1) | 3.9 (3.5) | 3.9 (3.8) | .50 | |||||
|
|
Anxiety | 2.8 (2.9) | 2.5 (2.6) | 2.5 (2.8) | 2.6 (2.7) | .83 | |||||
|
|
Stress | 5.7 (3.6) | 5.7 (3.6) | 5.9 (3.4) | 5.7 (3.5) | .67 | |||||
|
|
Flourishing | 45.2 (7.1) | 45.1 (6.8) | 44.5 (6.3) | 45.0 (6.7) | .10 | |||||
|
|
Satisfaction With Life | 23.4 (6.9) | 22.5 (7.3) | 22.5 (7.0) | 22.8 (7.1) | .73 | |||||