Figure 1.

Effects of Between-Group Competition and Within-Group Competition on Female Reproductive Success

(A) Effect of neighbor pressure values during pregnancy on offspring survival, up to 150 months.

(B) Effect of neighbor pressure values on offspring survival up to 3 years old (see also Table S2); red curve for neighbor pressure below the mean (range: 0–0.061; N = 56 pregnancies) and blue curve for neighbor pressure above the mean (range: 0.062–0.617; N = 25 pregnancies).

(C) Neighbor pressure effect on inter-birth interval length.

(D) Effect of group size (measured by the number of weaned individuals) on inter-birth interval length.

(E) Effect of the number of mature males on inter-birth interval length. Dashed lines show the fitted models and the gray areas their 95% confidence interval. Letters and associated colors correspond to the different communities: E, east group; M, middle group; N, north group; S, south group.