Table 5.

Summary of anti-inflammatory functions of “Snow lotus” and/or its major biochemical.

Models	Parameters measured	Active components	Reference
In vivo	Synovial hyperplasia, swelling index, joint destruction and serum cytokine levels	“Snow lotus” and rutin	Chen et al., 2014b; Xu et al., 2016; Han et al., 2016
In vivo	Eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell hyperplasia in lung tissue	“Snow lotus” extract	Huang and Liou, 2012
In vivo	ROS formation	Rutin	Guardia et al., 2001; Ostrakhovitch and Afanas’ev, 2001
In vivo	Skin rush and inflammation Epidermal hyperplasia and protein level	Rutin	Choi et al., 2014; Gęgotek et al., 2017