Table 1.
Main characteristics of included studies
| Author | Year | Phase | Category | Therapy line | Feature | Exp arm (Pts N) | Ctr arm (Pts N) | Population | OS | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | |||||||||
| Borghaei et al. | 2015 | III | NSCLC | > 1 | Non-squamous | Nivolumab (292) | Docetaxel (290) | Non-smoker (20%) | 1.02 | 0.64–1.16 |
| Smoker (79%) | 0.70 | 0.56–0.86 | ||||||||
| Brahmer et al | 2015 | III | NSCLC | > 1 | Squamous | Nivolumab (135) | Docetaxel (137) | Non-smoker (6%) | NA | NA |
| Smoker (92%) | 0.59 | 0.44–0.80 | ||||||||
| Fehrenbacher et al. | 2016 | II | NSCLC | > 1 | Previously treated | Atezolizumab (144) | Docetaxel (143) | Non-smoker (20%) | 0.55 | 0.24–1.25 |
| Smoker (80%) | 0.75 | 0.54–1.04 | ||||||||
| Rittmeyer et al. | 2017 | III | NSCLC | > 1 | Previously treated | Atezolizumab (613) | Docetaxel (612) | Non-smoker (17%) | 0.91 | 0.65–1.29 |
| Smoker (83%) | 0.78 | 0.67–0.90 | ||||||||
| Carbone et al. | 2017 | III | NSCLC | 1 | Stage IV | Nivolumab (271) | Chemotherapy (270) | Non-smoker (11%) | 1.02 | 0.54–1.93 |
| Smoker (89%) | 1.08 | 0.86–1.37 | ||||||||
| Barlesi et al. | 2018 | III | NSCLC | > 1 | Platinum-treated advanced | Avelumab (396) | Docetaxel (396) | Non-smoker (17%) | 1.69 | 0.97–2.95 |
| Smoker (83%) | 0.83 | 0.66–1.04 | ||||||||
| Mok et al. | 2019 | III | NSCLC | 1 | PD-L1 positive | Pembrolizumab (636) | Chemotherapy (615) | Non-smoker (22%) | 1.00 | 0.73–1.37 |
| Smoker (78%) | 0.80 | 0.60–1.06 | ||||||||
| Gandhi et al. | 2018 | III | NSCLC | 1 | Metastatic | Pembrolizumab+chemotherapy (410) | Placebo+chemotherapy (206) | Non-smoker (12%) | 0.23 | 0.10–0.54 |
| Smoker (88%) | 0.54 | 0.41–0.71 | ||||||||
| Antonia et al. | 2018 | III | NSCLC | > 1 | Stage III | Durvalumab+chemoradiotherapy (476) | Placebo+chemoradiotherapy (237) | Non-smoker (9%) | 0.35 | 0.16–0.76 |
| Smoker (91%) | 0.72 | 0.56–0.92 | ||||||||
| West et al. | 2019 | III | NSCLC | 1 | Non-squamous | Atezolizumab+chemotherapy (451) | Chemotherapy (228) | Non-smoker (10%) | 0.55 | 0.26–1.19 |
| Smoker (90%) | 0.81 | 0.65–1.02 | ||||||||
| Reck et al. | 2019 | III | NSCLC | > 1 | Chemotherapy-naive metastatic | ABCP (400) | BCP (400) | Non-smoker (20%) | 0.66 | 0.41–1.05 |
| Smoker (80%) | 0.80 | 0.65–0.89 | ||||||||
| Bellmunt et al. | 2017 | III | UC | > 1 | Advanced second line | Pembrolizumab (270) | Chemotherapy (272) | Non-smoker (35%) | 1.06 | 0.72–1.55 |
| Smoker (65%) | 0.52 | 0.24–1.11 | ||||||||
| Powles et al. | 2018 | III | UC | > 1 | Advanced or metastatic | Atezolizumab (467) | Chemotherapy (464) | Non-smoker (28%) | 0.80 | 0.60–1.06 |
| Smoker (72%) | 0.87 | 0.72–1.04 | ||||||||
| Ferris et al. | 2016 | III | HNSCC | > 1 | Recurrent | Nivolumab (240) | Standard therapy (121) | Non-smoker (19%) | 0.58 | 0.32–1.06 |
| Smoker (77%) | 0.71 | 0.52–0.99 | ||||||||
| Cohen et al. | 2019 | III | HNSCC | > 1 | Recurrent or metastatic | Pembrolizumab (247) | Standard therapy (248) | Non-smoker (27%) | 0.90 | 0.60–1.35 |
| Smoker (73%) | 0.77 | 0.60–0.98 | ||||||||
| Reck et al. | 2016 | III | SCLC | 1 | Extensive-stage | Ipilimumab+chemotherapy (478) | Placebo+chemotherapy (476) | Light smoker (36%) | 1.02 | 0.80–1.30 |
| Heave smoker (57%) | 1.09 | 0.89–1.32 | ||||||||
| Govindan et al. | 2017 | III | NSCLC | 1 | Squamous | Ipilimumab+chemotherapy (388) | Placebo+chemotherapy (361) | Light smoker (12%) | 1.19 | 0.71–1.99 |
| Heave smoker (88%) | 0.88 | 0.73–1.05 | ||||||||
OS overall survival, CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio, NA not available, PD-L1 programmed death ligand 1, Pts patients, Exp experimental, Ctr control, Non-smoker patients who never smoke, Smoker patients who ever/currently smoke, NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer, UC urothelial carcinoma, HNSCC head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma, SCLC small cell lung cancer, ABCP atezolizumab plus bevacizumab plus carboplatin plus paclitaxel, BCP bevacizumab plus carboplatin plus paclitaxel; Standard Therapy standard single-agent systemic therapy (methotrexate, docetaxel, or cetuximab)