Table 3.
Univariate analysis of treatment perceptions by smartphone ownership among individuals receiving treatment for tuberculosis in San Diego, San Francisco, and New York City between 2015-2016a
| Owns a Smartphone? | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Total | No | Yes | p valueb |
| Having a DOT worker come to watch me take my TB medication makes me feel…, n (%) c | ||||
| Like I am not trustworthy | 0.474 | |||
| No | 143 (95.3%) | 43 (93.5%) | 100 (96.2%) | |
| Yes | 7 (4.7%) | 3 (6.5%) | 4 (3.9%) | |
| Cared for | 0.001 | |||
| No | 143 (95.3%) | 40 (87.0%) | 103 (99.0%) | |
| Yes | 7 (4.7%) | 6 (13.0%) | 1 (1.0%) | |
| I don’t mind it | 0.117 | |||
| No | 86 (57.3%) | 22 (47.8%) | 64 (61.5%) | |
| Yes | 64 (42.7%) | 24 (52.2%) | 40 (38.5%) | |
| Patronized | 0.65 | |||
| No | 145 (96.7%) | 44 (95.7%) | 101 (97.1%) | |
| Yes | 5 (3.3%) | 2 (4.4%) | 3 (2.9%) | |
| Embarrassed | 0.84 | |||
| No | 138 (92.0%) | 42 (91.3%) | 96 (92.3%) | |
| Yes | 12 (8.0%) | 4 (2.7%) | 8 (5.3%) | |
| Practice days needed to learn to use VDOT application, mean (SD) | 1.8 (3.0) | 1.5 (1.4) | 1.9 (3.5) | 0.591 |
| Preferred monitoring method, n (%) | 0.111 | |||
| VDOT | 105 (84.0%) | 34 (89.5%) | 71 (81.6%) | |
| In-person DOT | 1 (0.8%) | 1 (2.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| No preference | 19 (15.2%) | 3 (7.9%) | 16 (18.4%) | |
| Rate the amount of contact with healthcare worker during VDOT, n (%) | 0.034 | |||
| Too much | 7 (5.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (8.0%) | |
| Just enough | 112 (89.6) | 34 (89.5%) | 78 (89.7%) | |
| Not enough | 6 (4.8%) | 4 (10.5%) | 2 (2.3%) | |
| Rate the ease of using VDOT, n (%) | 0.691 | |||
| Very easy | 97 (78.9%) | 29 (76.3%) | 68 (80.0%) | |
| Somewhat easy | 22 (17.9%) | 7 (18.4%) | 15 (17.6%) | |
| Somewhat difficult | 4 (3.3%) | 2 (5.3%) | 2 (3.4%) | |
| Level of satisfaction with TB monitoring via VDOT, n (%) | 0.679 | |||
| Very satisfied | 87 (69.6%) | 25 (65.8%) | 62 (71.3%) | |
| Somewhat satisfied | 23 (18.4%) | 9 (23.7%) | 14 (16.1%) | |
| Neutral/indifferent | 6 (4.8%) | 1 (2.6%) | 5 (5.7%) | |
| Somewhat or very dissatisfied | 9 (7.2%) | 3 (7.9%) | 6 (6.9%) | |
aAbbreviations: VDOT, video directly observed therapy; DOT, directly observed therapy; TB, tuberculosis
bP-values are based on Chi-square tests, Fisher’s Exact test, or Wilcoxon rank sum test and examine overall significance of differences between smartphone ownership within the groups.
cThis variable was assessed at baseline prior to VDOT use. All other variables were assessed at follow-up after VDOT use