Table 2.

Summary of study measures

Construct	Specific measure	# Items	Reliability and validity	Timing
Screening
	Mini-Mental State Examination		Good [50]	b
Primary outcomes: pain intensity, pain interference, physical function
	minimal data set	4	Good [22]	a, b
Secondary outcomes
Analgesic use	Quantification Score Version III		Objective [51]	a, b
HRQoL	Health-related quality of life	36	High [52]	b
Satisfaction	Treatment satisfaction	12	Good [47, 48]	4 weeks only
Psychological
Anxiety, depression	Minimal data set	8	Good [22]	b
Fear/avoidance	Fear Avoidance Beliefs	16	Good [53]	b
Catastrophizing	Pain Catastrophizing Scale	13	Good [54]	b
Behavioral
Sleep	Minimal data set		Good [22]
Relaxation	Relaxation response	1	Pilot study	b
Moderating variables: comorbidity, demographics
	minimal data set		Good [22]	Baseline
Nonspecific psychological placebo effects
Expectations, beliefs	Treatment expectation	2	Good [47, 48]	Baseline
Relationship	Patient-provider relationship	7	Good [55]	b

^aEMA, ecological momentary assessment; ^bBaseline, post completion of treatment, monthly follow-up for 3 months