Table 3.
Analysis of factors regarding favorable outcome (mRS < 3) using univariable regression or Fisher’s exact test; n = 150
| favorable outcome (n = 17) median or n (p25; p75 or %) | unfavorable outcome (n = 133) median or n (p25; p75 or %) | OR (95% CI) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | ||||
| Age (median, y) | 58 (50; 63) | 57 (50; 64) | 1.00 (0.96–1.05) | 0.884 |
| Female sex (n) | 13 (76%) | 94 (71%) | 1.35 (0.41–4.39) | 0.620 |
| First degree relatives with SAH (n) | 0 | 5 (4%) | 1.000± | |
| mRS before admission (median) | 0 (0; 0) | 0 (0; 0) | 1.08 (0.40–2.87) | 0.883 |
| Addiction to alcohol (n) | 3 (18%) | 9 (7%) | 2.95 (0.71–12.20) | 0.135 |
| Arterial hypertension (n) | 10 (59%) | 77 (58%) | 1.04 (0.37–2.90) | 0.942 |
| Aspirin (n) | 1 (6%) | 15 (11%) | 0.49 (0.06–4.00) | 0.506 |
| Oral anticoagulation (n) | 0 | 6 (5%) | 1.000± | |
| Aneurysm size (median, mm) | 5 (4; 7) | 6 (4; 9) | 0.87 (0.73–1.04) | 0.132 |
| Hunt-Hess score on admission (median) | 3 (2; 3) | 4 (3; 5) | 0.60 (0.40–0.88) | 0.010* |
| Aneurysm location | ||||
| Anterior communicating artery | 7 (41%) | 43 (32%) | 2.60 (0.30–22.87) | 0.388 |
| Middle cerebral artery | 2 (12%) | 27 (20%) | 1.19 (0.10–14.14) | 0.893 |
| Posterior communicating artery | 3 (18%) | 15 (11%) | 3.20 (0.30–34.24) | 0.336 |
| Basilar artery | 1 (6%) | 16 (%) | base | |
| Posterior inferior cerebellar artery | 0 | 10 (8%) | ||
| Internal carotid artery | 1 (6%) | 9 (7%) | 1.78 (0.10–31.98) | 0.696 |
| Anterior cerebral artery | 0 | 6 (5%) | ||
| Vertebral artery | 1 (6%) | 3 (2%) | 5.33 (0.26–110.80) | 0.279 |
| Posterior cerebral artery | 0 | 3 (2%) | ||
| Superior cerebellar artery | 1 (6%) | 1 (1%) | 16.00 (0.52–494.00) | 0.113 |
| Anterior inferior cerebellar artery | 1 (6%) | 0 | ||
| Treatment modality | ||||
| Coiling | 12 (71%) | 71 (53%) | 1.55 (0.51–4.71) | 0.435 |
| Clipping | 5 (29%) | 46 (35%) | base | |
| Coiling and clipping | 0 | 4 (3%) | ||
| Flow diverter | 0 | 1 (1%) | ||
| No intervention | 0 | 11 (8%) | ||
| Complications | ||||
| Hydrocephalus (n) | 14 (82%) | 108 (81%) | 1.08 (0.29–4.05) | 0.909 |
| Pneumonia (n) | 6 (35%) | 82 (62%) | 0.34 (0.12–0.97) | 0.044* |
| Fever (h, median) | 15 (3; 25) | 8 (1; 45) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.506 |
| Vasospasm (n) | 11 (65%) | 82 (62%) | 1.14 (0.40–3.27) | 0.807 |
| Rebleeding (n) | 1 (6%) | 35 (26%) | 0.18 (0.02–1.37) | 0.097 |
| Seizure (n) | 2 (12%) | 41 (31%) | 0.30 (0.07–1.37) | 0.120 |
| Delayed cerebral ischemia (n) | 4 (24%) | 70 (53%) | 0.28 (0.09–0.89) | 0.032* |
| Intraparenchymal hemorrhage (n) | 2 (12%) | 47 (35%) | 0.24 (0.05–1.11) | 0.068 |
| Need for ventricular/lumbar drainage (n) | 15 (88%) | 126 (95%) | 0.42 (0.08–2.19) | 0.301 |
| Length of stay (d, median) | 21 (16; 30) | 19 (11; 25) | 1.01 (0.99–1.04) | 0.285 |
| ventilation parameters | ||||
| Horowitz index (PaO2/FiO2, median) | 360 (297; 395) | 277 (225; 329) | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.005* |
| Proportion of values of PaCO2 > 40 mmHg | 0.21 (0.13; 0.5) | 0.4 (0.29; 0.59) | 0.04 (0.00–0.55) | 0.017* |
| Driving pressure (mbar, median) | 13 (12; 14) | 13 (12; 15) | 0.90 (0.73–1.12) | 0.347 |
| Tidal volume (ml, median) | 550 (499; 592) | 520 (473; 579) | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 0.357 |
| pH (median) | 7.42 (7.39; 7.44) | 7.43 (7.40; 7.45) | 0.223׺ | |
| Ventilation time (h, median) | 42 (21; 84) | 346 (171; 538) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) | 0.001* |
| FiO2 (median) | 0.30 (0.30–0.35) | 0.35 (0.30–0.40) | 0.90 (0.82–0.99) | 0.034* |
| Intracranial pressure (mm Hg, median) | 5 (3; 7) | 8 (5; 11) | 0.84 (0.73–0.96) | 0.013* |
OR odds ratio and 95% CI; all p-values derived from logistic regression except ±Fisher’s exact test; *significant; ASA Acetylsalicylic acid, ◊Mann-Whitney-U test; ∫ univariable logistic regression did not converge