FIGURE 2.

Modulation of cecal and ileal innate immune responses to dietary GOS in Campylobacter-challenged broiler chickens. The figures report cytokine and chemokine normalized gene expression for 6-dc birds (A) and 20-dc birds (B) fed a control diet (Campylobacter treatment) or a GOS diet (GOS + Campylobacter treatment) recorded as log₁₀ of the ratio for gene of interest/GAPDH from qPCR data of individual birds. Corresponding probabilities (p-adj) were calculated using non-parametric Wilcoxon rank sum tests with Benjamini-Hochberg FDR correction, where differences at p-adj < 0.05 were considered significant and are summarized in the plot using asterisks (^∗p-adj ≤ 0.05; ^∗∗p-adj ≤ 0.01).