Figure 2.

Interferon alpha and gamma response gene sets are the most differentially expressed sets, relative to baseline, in nasal epithelium at days 3 and 6. A, Gene set enrichment analysis of all differentially expressed genes showed that interferon gamma and alpha response gene sets were up‐regulated at days 3 and 6 after RV16 in nasal epithelial cells of asthma patients. B, Heat maps of interferon response genes common for both interferon alpha and gamma were enhanced at day 3 (n = 20), day 6 (n = 19) and day 14 (n = 19) after RV16 challenge compared with baseline (7 d before RV16; n = 20). The heat maps for respective patients are shown in the same order for each day. The viral load represented as log10, measured in nasal brushes, is provided below the heat maps for respective days and corresponding asthma patients. C, Z scores of interferon response genes were plotted per patient and were significantly increased at day 3, day 6 and day 14 after RV16 compared with baseline (7 d before RV16); *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001, paired t tests. D, Ingenuity pathway analysis of all differentially expressed genes revealed that interferon signalling pathway is up‐regulated after RV16 at days 3 and 6 after RV16, but not at day 14. The coloured nodes represent differentially expressed genes, where the higher the intensity of the node colour, the higher the gene expression is. The genes in white nodes are not differentially expressed