Table 2.

Direct, indirect, and total effect of precipitation, MAT, and latitude on plant species abundance in shrubs, trees, and plant community based on standardized values of statistically significant (p < .05) SEM paths

Dominant effect	Shrubs	Trees	Plant community
Precipitation
Direct	0.29	0.57	0.52
Indirect	–	Precipitation, richness, 0.57*0.30	–
Total	0.29	0.74	0.52
MAT
Direct	–	–	–
Indirect	–	MAT, Canopy, [−0.39]*0.39; MAT, canopy, richness [−0.39]*0.24*0.30	–
Total	–	−0.18	–
Latitude
Direct	0.31	0.52	0.44
Indirect	–	0.52*0.30	–
Total	0.31	0.68	0.44
Canopy
Direct	–	0.24	–
Indirect	–	–	–
Total	–	0.24	–