TABLE 1.

Sample characteristics.

Variables and categories	First-time inmates (n = 200)	Recurrent inmates (n = 265)	Overall sample (N = 465)
	M (SD) or% (N)	M (SD) or% (N)	M (SD) or% (N)
Age (range 18–68)	32.9 (10.1)	36.7 (8.7)	35.1 (9.5)
Respondent’s Education
Less than high school	65%(129)	76%(203)	71%(332)
High school	29%(58)	23%(60)	25%(118)
College degree	6%(13)	1%(2)	4%(15)
Five-factor model
Extraversion	39.3 (5.9)	38.4 (5.9)	38.8 (5.9)
Neuroticism	33.3 (8.6)	33.8 (8.6)	33.6 (8.6)
Openness to Experience	36.4 (4.5)	36.7 (5.0)	36.5 (4.8)
Conscientiousness	47.2 (7.7)	45.9 (8.0)	46.5 (7.9)
Agreeableness	41.5 (6.4)	40.3 (6.2)	40.8 (6.3)
Coping strategies
Task-oriented coping	58.8 (9.4)	58.04 (8.8)	58.4 (9.1)
Emotion-oriented coping	45.03 (10.2)	46.6 (10.1)	45.9 (10.2)
Avoidance coping	50.7 (9.6)	51.7 (9.3)	51.3 (9.4)