Figure 10.

A model depicting the role of fusaric acid (FSA) produced by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4) in disease development. FSA secreted by Foc TR4 disturbs mitochondria functions by inducing the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn triggers a hypersensitive reaction (HR). As a result, host cells show FSA‐induced cell death. These changes accelerate the growth of Foc TR4 from the root into the xylem with accelerated proliferation rate. FSA also might transport upward in the aqueous phase via the transpiration stream in the xylem vessels over a long distance, even reach the banana fruits.