Table 3.
Characteristics and summary findings of included studies.
| Study design | Population | Location | Years for SES analysis | Intervention type | Cessation‐related outcomes | SES measuresa | Value to review2 | Equity impact | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GP brief interventions | |||||||||
| Blane et al. (2017) 21 | Cross‐sectional | Smokers aged ≥ 25 with CHD | Scotland | 2006–07 | Routine care | Advice; prescription | Carstairs | H/M | Mixed |
| Dhalwani et al. (2013) 25 | Before & after | Pregnant females aged 15–49 | UK | 2000–09 | QOF | Smoking status | Townsend | H | Positive |
| Dhalwani et al. (2014) 26 | Cross‐sectional | Pregnant smokers aged 15–49 | UK | 2006–12 | Routine care | Prescription | Townsend | H | Positive |
| Douglas & Szatkowski (2013) 27 | Cross‐sectional | Smokers aged ≥ 16 | UK | 2008–10 | Routine care | Advice; prescription | Townsend; Mosaic | H/M | Positive |
| Forster et al. (2016) 28 | Case–control | Healthy adults aged 40–74 | England | 2010–13 | NHS Health Check | Smoking status | IMD | H | Possibly positive |
| Hamilton et al. (2016) 29 | Before & after |
Healthy adults aged ≥15 |
London | 2006–11 | QOF+ | Smoking status; advice | IMD | H/M | Mixed |
| Hardy et al. (2014) 30 | Cross‐sectional | Pregnant smokers aged 15–49 | UK | 2006–09 | Routine care | Advice | Townsend | H/M | Positive |
| Taggar et al. (2012) 12 | Before & after | Adults aged ≥ 15 | UK | 2002, 2004 & 2008 | QOF | Smoking status; advice | Townsend | H/M | Possibly positive |
| Stop smoking services | |||||||||
| Bauld et al. (2012) 31 | Cohort | Clients who set quit date | Liverpool & Knowsley | 2009 | Drop‐in rolling group | Success (52 weeks) | Composite | H | Negative |
| Bauld et al. (2016) 23 | Cohort | Clients aged ≥ 16 who set quit date | England (9 areas) | 2012–13 | Mixed | Success (52 weeks) | Composite | H | Negative |
| Brose et al. (2012) 22 | Cohort | Clients who make quit attempt | England | 2009–11 | One‐to‐one | Success (4 weeks) | Occupation; IMD; free prescription | H/M | Mixed |
| Brose et al. (2013) 32 | Cohort | Clients who make quit attempt | England | 2009–11 | Mixed | Medication type; success (4 weeks) | Free prescription | H/M | Negative |
| Brose & McEwen (2016) 33 | Cohort | Clients who make quit attempt | England | 2009–12 | Mixed | Compliance; medication type; success (4 weeks) | IMD; free prescription | H | Negative |
| DoH NI (2016) 34 | Cohort | Clients who make quit attempt | Northern Ireland | 2009–16 | Mixed |
Attempts; success (4 weeks) |
NIMDM | H | Mixed |
| Hiscock et al. (2013) 35 | Cohort | Clients who make quit attempt | England | 2010–11 | Mixed | Support type; success (4 weeks) | Occupation; free prescription | H/M | Mixed |
| Hiscock et al. (2015) 36 | Cohort | Clients aged ≥16 who set quit date | England (9 areas) | 2012–13 | Mixed | Support type; success (52 weeks) | Composite | H/M | Mixed |
| ISD Scotland (2017) 37 | Cohort | Clients who make quit attempt | Scotland | 2009–17 | Mixed | Attempts; success (4 & 12 weeks) | SIMD | H | Mixed |
| McAlpine et al. (2015) 38 | Cohort | Clients aged ≥ 18 who set quit date | London | 2013–14 | Mixed | Success (4 weeks) | Occupation | L | Unclear |
| NHS Digital (2017) 39 | Cohort | Clients who make quit attempt | England | 2009–17 | Mixed |
Attempts; success (4 weeks) |
Occupation | H | Mixed |
| West et al. (2013) 40 | Cross‐sectional | Clients who set quit date | England | 2008–11 | Mixed | Attempts | Free prescription | M/L | Possibly positive |
| Innovations | |||||||||
| Bennett et al. (2015) 41 | RCT | Smokers aged 18–65 registered with GP | UK | 2007–08 | GP communications | Success (3 months) | Literacy level | M | Possibly positive |
| Gilbert et al. (2017) 42 | RCT | Smokers aged ≥ 16 registered with GP | England | 2011–14 | GP communications |
Uptake; success (6 months) |
IMD | M | Possibly negative |
| Maskrey et al. (2015) 43 | RCT | SSS clients who abstinent at 4 weeks | East of England | 2011–13 | SSS relapse prevention booklet | Abstinence (12 months) | Education; free prescription | H/M | Unclear |
| Stapleton et al. (2013) 24 | RCT | SSS clients | South East England | 2004–07 | Pharmacotherapy | Success (6 months) | Education; state benefits | L | Unclear |
| Turner et al. (2013) 44 | Cohort | SSS clients who abstinent at 8 weeks | Nottingham | 2010–11 | NRT for relapse prevention | Accept extended course of NRT | Occupation; free prescription | M/L | Mixed |
| Venn et al. (2016) 45 | Non‐randomized | Smokers who live or work in area | Nottingham | 2011 | Mobile SSS versus one‐to‐one SSS |
Uptake; success (4 weeks) |
Multiple | M | Mixed |
| Kassim et al. (2016) 46 | Cohort | Healthy ethnic minority smokers aged ≥18 | London | 2007–08 | Community outreach SSS | Success (4 weeks) | Deprived area | M | Possibly positive |
| Ormston et al. (2015) 47 | Quasi‐experiment | Smokers from deprived areas | Dundee | 2007–11 | Incentives (mixed settings) | Attempts; success (1, 3 & 12 months) | Deprived area | H/M | Mixed |
| Radley et al. (2013) 48 | Cohort | Pregnant smokers | Tayside | 2007–09 | Incentives (pharmacy) | Attempts; success (4 & 12 weeks) | Deprived area | M/L | Positive |
| Tappin et al. (2015) 49 | RCT | Pregnant smokers aged ≥16 | Glasgow | 2011–13 | Incentives (SSS) | Attempts; success (8 weeks & 6 months) | Deprived area | H/M | Mixed |
a
Details of the SES measures used can be found in Table 1.
2
Value to review rating—H: high; H/M: high/medium; M: medium; M/L: medium/low; L: low. CHD = coronary heart disease; GP = general practitioner; SES = socio‐economic status; RCT = randomized controlled trial; IMD = index of multiple deprivation; DoH NI = Department of Health Northern Ireland; ISD = Information Services Division; QOF = Quality and Outcomes; SSS = Stop Smoking Secvices.